目錄英語三大語態(tài)是什么 英語時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一覽表 英語語法語態(tài) 英語有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 英語16種時(shí)態(tài)表格全表
英語八大時(shí)態(tài)分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。
時(shí)態(tài)尺高（tense）是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。它是表示行為、動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。
擴(kuò)展資料：
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，是一種英語語法形式。表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性、真理性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或者動(dòng)作有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)。在英語語法中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。
二、一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。在英語語法中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是英語的一種時(shí)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在英語時(shí)態(tài)中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在”，動(dòng)作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。
四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（Past continuous tense或Past Progressive tense），表示過去在某一時(shí)間段或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在英語時(shí)態(tài)中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且已經(jīng)完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)陵梁尺在造成的影響，可能持續(xù)發(fā)生下去。在英語時(shí)態(tài)中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。
完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成分為兩部分：一是助動(dòng)詞，二是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過去分詞-ed。具體來說，用助動(dòng)詞have表示“時(shí)”，以表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來；用過去分詞來表示動(dòng)作的“態(tài)”，以表明該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
六、過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，對(duì)過去的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果，用來指在另一個(gè)過去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的事件。
在英語時(shí)態(tài)中渣棗，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。 它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果。
七、一般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在英語時(shí)態(tài)中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。
一般將來時(shí)常常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周 ）；in the future（將來）；in a year（一年以后）等。 一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（所有人稱） 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。美式英語則不管什么人稱，一律用will。或用主語+be動(dòng)詞 + going to 動(dòng)詞（be going to）
八、過去將來時(shí)
一般過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。在英語時(shí)態(tài)中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。 一般過去將來時(shí)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過去，即從過去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
參考資料來源：－時(shí)態(tài)
英語時(shí)態(tài)分為 16 種，分別是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過純正去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，一般過去將來時(shí)；皮蠢
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)；
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，過去將來完成時(shí)；
現(xiàn)在完燃褲陪成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)．
英語語態(tài)分為 2 種，分別是主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示沒有時(shí)限的持久存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和副詞usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等連用。例如： 1)The moon moves round the earth..
(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如：
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
(3)某些表示起始的動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如：
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引導(dǎo)的從句中，也常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如：
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2.一般過去時(shí)
(1)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示確切過去時(shí)間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如：
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例如：
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意與be used to doing短語的區(qū)別)
3.一般將來時(shí)
1)表示將來打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：
I shall graduate next year.
2)幾種替代形式：
1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如：
I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示計(jì)劃安亮族塵排要做的事，具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。例如：
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如：
He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事，必定發(fā)生的事。例如：
The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如：
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等連用。例如：
Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作穗答，常與always，continually，forever，constantly等連用。例如：
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于過渡敬禪性動(dòng)詞。即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)，這是一類表示“感覺，感情，存在，從屬”等的動(dòng)詞。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感覺的詞)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的動(dòng)詞)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有與從屬的動(dòng)詞)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的動(dòng)詞)。但是如果它們?cè)~義改變，便也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?
(look在此為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，意為“顯得，看上去”)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look在此為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“尋找”)
2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與always，continually，constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。例如：
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來某一時(shí)刻開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請(qǐng)求等。例如：
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
4.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
(現(xiàn)在、過去、將來)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是(現(xiàn)在、過去、將來)完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，將放在完成時(shí)態(tài)部分講述。
三、完成時(shí)態(tài)
完成時(shí)態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動(dòng)作。它可分為：
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示對(duì)目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動(dòng)作(常與yet，already，just連用)，或者過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況(常與for，since連用)。例如：
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導(dǎo)出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：
1)I haven’t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成時(shí)態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級(jí)+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞通常用過去完成時(shí)。例如：
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2.過去完成時(shí)
(1)表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。例如：
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)動(dòng)詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的希望、預(yù)期、意圖或愿望等沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達(dá)方式是：
1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)過去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型：
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時(shí)+ when + 過去時(shí)。例如：
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +過去完成時(shí)+ than +過去時(shí)。例如：
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +過去時(shí)間，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。例如：
The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3.將來完成時(shí)
將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)刻將完成或在另一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；也可以用來表示一種猜測(cè)。常與將來完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示將來時(shí)間的短語和句子；before (the end of ) +表示將來時(shí)間的詞語或句子；when, after等加上表示將來動(dòng)作的句子等。例如：
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，有現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)刻。例如：
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.
(2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)刻。例如：
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻。例如：
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四：時(shí)態(tài)一致
時(shí)態(tài)一致是英語四、六級(jí)考試的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。通常應(yīng)由主句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)決定從句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)。一般原則是：
1、當(dāng)主句謂語使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句的謂語根據(jù)具體情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”
“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”
“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”
2、當(dāng)主句謂語使用過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時(shí)態(tài)
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3、當(dāng)從句是表示沒有時(shí)間概念的真理時(shí)，從句的謂語應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
注：在此種情況下，即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時(shí)態(tài)，從句謂語也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況
利用時(shí)態(tài)一致原則確定從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意，若主語動(dòng)詞是表示命令、請(qǐng)求、要求、建議、勸告等的動(dòng)詞，從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣，不能遵循時(shí)態(tài)一致原則。例如：
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
語態(tài)也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動(dòng)語態(tài))
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
1.不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和短語
(1)在英語中，不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。
(2)某些表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)形式
常用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有表1所列的幾種時(shí)態(tài)形式。
表1
時(shí)?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí) 完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
過去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
將來 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
過去 should be asked should have been asked
將來 would be asked would have been asked
3.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
短語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，通常被看作是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如：
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.“get + -ed分詞”的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
“get + -ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，而非動(dòng)作本身，常用來表示突發(fā)性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外，“get + -ed分詞”還可用于談?wù)摓樽约鹤龅氖拢侵鲃?dòng)的行為而不是被動(dòng)的行為。例如：
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)
get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)
get married(結(jié)婚)
5.能帶兩個(gè)賓語和復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)
(1)能帶兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一次只能由一個(gè)賓語作主語，另一個(gè)賓語被保留下來。例如：
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
(2)能帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。例如：
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
6.被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
(1)The novel was well written.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
7.少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)有被動(dòng)的意思
例1：The book is selling remarkably well.
例2：The song sounds very beautiful.
能這樣用的動(dòng)詞還有read(讀起來)，clean(擦起來)，wash(洗起來)，write(寫起來)。
例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need這樣用的動(dòng)詞還有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。
例4：The meat is cooking.
例5：The book written by the professor is printing.
在英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)分時(shí)態(tài),我給你舉些例子:
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):This song is often sung by children.孩子們常唱這首歌.
(2)一般過去時(shí):This house was built in 1958.這房子建于1958年.
(3)一般將來時(shí):Many buildings will be built in my home town.在我的家鄉(xiāng),許多大樓將要建成.
(4)過去將來時(shí):The old scientist said that he would be invited to vist their country before long.那位老科學(xué)家說不久他將應(yīng)邀訪問他們的國(guó)家.
(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):The proposal is being considered now.正在考慮這個(gè)提案.
(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí):Mr Wu was in hospital .When we went to see him,he was being operated on.吳先生住院了.我們?nèi)タ此麜r(shí),他正在動(dòng)手術(shù).
(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):Have the letters been posted ?信已經(jīng)寄出去了嗎?
(8)過去完成時(shí):He came and told us that the work had been finished.他來告訴我們,工作已經(jīng)完成.
(9)將來完成時(shí):By the end of this year,the tall building will have been built.到今年年底,這幢高樓將建成.
(10)過去將來時(shí):The boy told mother that his homework have been finished by ten o'clock.男孩告訴媽媽到10:00他將做完作業(yè).
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài).
主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài).
1）若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 時(shí),該不定式前要
加"to".此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞.
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài).
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
1 let 的用法
1）當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),可用不鋒譽(yù)帶to 的不定式.
They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.
2） 若let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),let 通常不用被動(dòng)語態(tài),而用allow或permit 代替.
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
2 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞.
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in
my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
3 表示"據(jù)說"或團(tuán)基帆"相信" 的詞組
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say,
see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 據(jù)說
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 眾所周知
It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為
It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議
It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然
It has been decided that… 大家決定
It must be remember that…務(wù)必記住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
4 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情塌雹況
1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie,
remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart,
take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞.
(錯(cuò)) The price has been risen.
(對(duì)) The price has risen.
(錯(cuò)) The accident was happened last week.
(對(duì)) The accident happened last week.
(錯(cuò)) The price has raised.
(對(duì)) The price has been raised.
(錯(cuò)) Please seat.
(對(duì)) Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),就須注意哪些
動(dòng)詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的.特別是一詞多義
的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法.解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程
中多留意積累.
2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch
agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed
in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 帶同源賓語的及物動(dòng)詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí),很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).
(對(duì)) She likes to swim.
(錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.
5 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read,
wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 這本書銷路好.
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用.
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后
的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式.
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be
repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下.
This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀.
4) 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見
/理解自己),have sth. done ( 要某人做某事).
6 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished,
be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué).
注意： 表示同某人結(jié)婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可.
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
7 need/want/require/worth
注意：當(dāng) need, want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing
也可以表示被動(dòng).
Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了.
The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗.
The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀.
典型例題
The library needs___, but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (實(shí)意) +n /to do,need (情態(tài))+ do,當(dāng)為被動(dòng)
語態(tài)時(shí),還可need + doing. 本題考最后一種用法,選A.如有to
be clean 則也為正確答案.
典：done,"不可能已經(jīng)".must not do 不可以（用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)).
一、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎樣把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)?
把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單,可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：
1. 先找出謂語動(dòng)詞；
2. 再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語；
3. 把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語；
4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化.
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：
1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài).
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to ,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),須加上to .
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),直接賓語(物)作主語,那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞,這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定.
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞.
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
你好
英語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種，而在英語中習(xí)慣譽(yù)巖使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，漢語中以主動(dòng)語態(tài)為主。中主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。那么主動(dòng)語態(tài)如何轉(zhuǎn)化成被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？
一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語慶汪御態(tài)由“be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞”構(gòu)成：如
Everybody likes the cute girl. 大家都喜歡這個(gè)可愛的女孩。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))
The cute girl is liked by everybody. 這個(gè)可愛的女孩受到大家的喜歡。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本方法
將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，將主動(dòng)謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語(be+過去分詞)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語(在被動(dòng)句中用作狀語)，如：
He finished the task. → The task was finished by him.
注：如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的by短語通常可以省略。
三、 特殊用法
主動(dòng)句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成兩種被動(dòng)句型，它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子，如：
People believed that the old man is innocent. 大家相信那個(gè)老人是無辜的。
→ It’s believed that the old man is innocent.. 大家相信那個(gè)老人是無辜的。
→ The old man is believed to be innocent. 大家相信那個(gè)老人是無辜的。
比較上面兩類被動(dòng)句型可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，一類是“it+be+過去分詞+that從句”，另一類則是“主語+be+過去分詞+不定式”，通常可用于這兩類被動(dòng)句型的動(dòng)詞有suppose, think, understand, assume, believe, expect, presume, report, say, fear, feel, know,等，如：
It’s known that she is a kind girl. =She is known to be a kind girl. 大家知道她是個(gè)善良的女孩。
It’s expected that he will be better soon. = He is expected to be better soon. 他應(yīng)該很快就會(huì)好起來。
以上就是主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的方法。其實(shí)，主被動(dòng)在我們寫作或翻譯過程中還是非常重要的，英語多被動(dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng)，所以學(xué)會(huì)這兩種語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)我們今后的學(xué)習(xí)至關(guān)重要。所以，希望大家能多思考對(duì)比，反復(fù)練習(xí)運(yùn)用，盡快掌陵租握該知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
