目錄8年級(jí)物理公式匯總 初二物理的所有公式 初中物理知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總完整版 初中物理公式大全表 初二物理筆記整理
鍒濅腑鐗╃悊鍏?寮?
涓?榪愬姩銆?
閫熷害 蠀= S / t 1m / s = 3.6 Km / h
浜屻?佸０銆佸厜
澹伴?熛?= 340m / s
鍏夐?烠 = 3脳108 m /s
涓夈?佽川閲忋?佸瘑搴︺?侀噸鍔?
瀵嗗害 蟻= m / V 1 g / c m3 = 103 Kg / m3
G=mg
鍥涖?佸姏鐨勫悎鎴?
鍚堝姏 F = F1 - F2
F = F1 + F2 F1銆丗2鍦ㄥ悓涓?鐩寸嚎綰夸笂涓旀柟鍚戠浉鍙?
F1銆丗2鍦ㄥ悓涓?鐩寸嚎綰夸笂涓旀柟鍚戠浉鍚?
浜斻?佸帇寮?
鍘嬪己 p = F / S
p =蟻g h p = F / S閫傜敤浜庡浐銆佹恫銆佹皵
p =蟻g h閫傜敤浜庣珫鐩村浐浣撴煴
p =蟻g h鍙?鐩存帴璁＄畻娑蹭綋鍘嬪己
1鏍囧噯澶ф皵鍘? = 76 cmHg鏌? = 1.01脳105 Pa = 10.3 m姘存煴
鍏?銆佹誕鍔?
鈶? F嫻? = G 鈥? F
鈶℃紓嫻?銆佹?zhèn)瑡?錛欶嫻?锠㈠煁 = G
鈶? F嫻? = G鎺? =蟻娑瞘 V鎺?
鈶ｆ嵁?huà)?娌夋潯浠跺垽嫻?鍔涘ぇ灝? 錛?1錛夊垽鏂?鐗╀綋鏄?鍚﹀彈嫻?鍔?
錛?2錛夋牴鎹?鐗╀綋嫻?娌夋潯浠跺垽鏂?鐗╀綋澶?
浜庝粈涔堢姸鎬?
錛?3錛夋壘鍑哄悎閫傜殑鍏?寮忚?＄畻嫻?鍔?
鐗╀綋嫻?娌夋潯浠訛紙鍓嶆彁錛氱墿浣撴蹈娌″湪娑蹭綋涓?涓斿彧鍙楁誕鍔涘拰閲嶅姏錛夛細(xì)
鈶燜嫻?錛濭錛埾佹恫錛炏佺墿錛変笂嫻?鑷蟲(chóng)紓嫻? 鈶?F嫻? =G錛埾佹恫銆?=蟻鐗╋級(jí)鎮(zhèn)?嫻?
鈶?F嫻? 錛? G錛埾佹恫 錛? 蟻鐗╋級(jí)涓嬫矇
涓冦?佺畝鍗曟満姊?
鏉犳潌騫寵鏉′歡 F1 L1 = F2 L 2 鏉犳潌騫寵鏉′歡涔熷彨鏉犳潌鍘熺悊
婊戣疆緇? F = G / n
F =錛圙鍔? + G鐗╋級(jí)/ n
SF = n SG 鐞嗘兂婊戣疆緇?
蹇界暐杞?杞撮棿鐨勬懇鎿?
n錛氫綔妗ョ爜鐢ㄥ湪鍔ㄦ粦杞?涓婄懷瀛愯偂鏁?
鍔? W = F S = P t 1J = 1N?m = 1W?s
鍔熺巼 P = W / t = F蠀 1KW = 103 W錛?1MW = 103KW
鏈夌敤鍔? W鏈夌敤 = G h錛堢珫鐩存彁鍗囷級(jí)= F S錛堟按騫崇Щ鍔?錛?= W鎬誨甫娑堣殏 鈥? W棰? =畏W鎬?
棰濆?栧姛 W棰? = W鎬? 鈥? W鏈? = G鍔? h錛堝拷鐣ヨ疆杞撮棿鎽╂摝錛?= f L錛堟枩闈?錛?
鎬誨姛 W鎬?= W鏈夌敤+ W棰? = F S = W鏈夌敤 / 畏
鏈烘?版晥鐜? 畏= W鏈夌敤 / W鎬?
畏=G /錛坣 F錛?
= G鐗? /錛圙鐗? + G鍔?錛? 瀹氫箟寮?
閫傜敤浜庡姩婊戣疆銆佹粦杞?緇?
閫熷害錛歏=S/t;2銆侀噸鍔涳細(xì)G=mg;3銆佸瘑搴︼細(xì)蟻=m/V;4銆佸帇寮猴細(xì)p=F/S;5銆佹恫浣撳帇寮猴細(xì)p=蟻gh銆?
鍒濅腑鐗╃悊鍏?寮忥細(xì)V=S/t錛汫=mg錛浵?=m/V錛沺=F/S錛汸=F/s=蟻gh錛汧1L1=F2L2錛泈=Fs=Gh錛沺=W/t=Fv錛浳?=W錛汭=U/R=P/U錛沇=Pt絳夈??
閲嶅姏鍏?寮廏錛漨g(閫氬父g鍙?10N/kg錛岄?樼洰鏈?浜ゅ緟鏃秅鍙?9.8N/kg)鍚屼竴鐗╀綋G鏈堬紳1/6G鍦癿鏈堬紳m鍦版潬鏉嗗鉤琛℃潯浠跺叕寮廎1l1錛滷2l2F1/F2錛漧2/l1鍔ㄦ粦杞?鍏?寮忎笉璁＄懷閲嶅拰鎽╂摝鏃禙錛?1/2(G鍔?錛婫鐗?)s錛?2h銆?
1銆佺?楄春琚滈?熷害錛歏=S/t銆?
2銆侀噸鍔涳細(xì)G=mg銆?
3銆佸瘑搴︼細(xì)蟻=m/V銆?
4銆佸帇寮猴細(xì)p=F/S銆?
5銆?娑蹭綋鍘嬪己錛歱=蟻gh銆?
澹伴煶鐨勪紶鎾?
1銆佸０闊崇殑浼犳挱闇?瑕佷粙璐?;鍥轟綋銆佹恫浣撳拰姘斾綋閮藉彲浠ヤ紶鎾?澹伴煶;澹伴煶鍦ㄥ浐浣撲腑浼犳挱鏃舵崯鑰楁渶灝?(鍦ㄥ浐浣撲腑浼犵殑鏈?榪滐紝閾佽建浼犲０)錛屼竴鑸?鎯呭喌涓嬶紝澹伴煶鍦ㄥ浐浣撲腑浼犲緱鏈?蹇?錛屾皵浣撲腑鏈?鎱?(杞?鏈?闄ゅ??)銆?
2銆佺湡絀轟笉鑳戒紶澹幫紝鏈堢悆涓?(澶?絀轟腑)鐨勫畤鑸?鍛樺彧鑳介?氳繃鏃犵嚎鐢?shù)璇濅氦璋堛€?
3銆佸０闊充互娉?(澹版嘗)鐨勫艦寮忎紶鎾?銆?
娉?錛氱敱澹伴煶鐗╀綋涓?瀹氭尟鍔?錛屾湁鎸?鍔ㄤ笉涓?瀹氱寽嬋?鎷嶇（鑳藉惉瑙佸０闊熾??
4銆?澹伴??錛氱墿浣撳湪姣忕?掑唴浼犳挱鐨勮窛紱誨彨澹伴?燂紝鍗曚綅鏄痬/s;澹伴?熺殑璁＄畻鍏?寮忔槸v=s/t;澹伴煶鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鐨勯?熷害涓?340m/s銆?
鐗╃悊閲忥紙鍗曚綅錛? 鍏?寮?
閫熷害V錛坢/S錛? v= S錛氳礬紼?/t錛氭椂闂?
閲嶅姏G (N錛? G=mg m錛氳川閲? g錛?9.8N/kg鎴栬??10N/kg
瀵嗗害蟻 錛坘g/m3錛? 蟻=m/V m錛氳川閲? V錛氫綋縐?
鍚堝姏F鍚? 錛圢錛? 鏂瑰悜鐩稿悓錛欶鍚?=F1+F2
鏂瑰悜鐩稿弽錛欶鍚?=F1鈥擣2 鏂瑰悜鐩稿弽鏃?,F1>F2
嫻?鍔汧嫻?
(N) F嫻?=G鐗┾?擥瑙? G瑙嗭細(xì)鐗╀綋鍦ㄦ恫浣撶殑閲嶅姏
嫻?鍔汧嫻?
(N) F嫻?=G鐗? 姝ゅ叕寮忓彧閫傜敤
鐗╀綋婕傛誕鎴栨?zhèn)瑡?
嫻?鍔汧嫻?
(N) F嫻?=G鎺?=m鎺抔=蟻娑瞘V鎺? G鎺掞細(xì)鎺掑紑娑蹭綋鐨勯噸鍔?
m鎺掞細(xì)鎺掑紑娑蹭綋鐨勮川閲?
蟻娑詫細(xì)娑蹭綋鐨勫瘑搴?
V鎺掞細(xì)鎺掑紑娑蹭綋鐨勪綋縐?
(鍗蟲(chóng)蹈鍏ユ恫浣撲腑鐨勪綋縐?)
鏉犳潌鐨勫鉤琛℃潯浠? F1L1= F2L2 F1錛氬姩鍔? L1錛氬姩鍔涜噦
F2錛氶樆鍔? L2錛氶樆鍔涜噦
瀹氭粦杞? F=G鐗?
S=h F錛氱懷瀛愯嚜鐢辯??鍙楀埌鐨勬媺鍔?
G鐗╋細(xì)鐗╀綋鐨勯噸鍔?
S錛氱懷瀛愯嚜鐢辯??縐誨姩鐨勮窛紱?
h錛氱墿浣撳崌楂樼殑璺濈??
鍔ㄦ粦杞? F= 錛圙鐗?+G杞?錛?
S=2 h G鐗╋細(xì)鐗╀綋鐨勯噸鍔?
G杞?錛氬姩婊戣疆鐨勯噸鍔?
婊戣疆緇? F= 錛圙鐗?+G杞?錛?
S=n h n錛氶?氳繃鍔ㄦ粦杞?緇沖瓙鐨勬?墊暟
鏈烘?板姛W
錛圝錛? W=Fs
F錛氬姏
s錛氬湪鍔涚殑鏂瑰悜涓婄Щ鍔ㄧ殑璺濈??
鏈夌敤鍔焀鏈?
鎬誨姛W鎬? W鏈?=G鐗﹉
W鎬?=Fs 閫傜敤婊戣疆緇勭珫鐩存斁緗?鏃?
鏈烘?版晥鐜? 畏= 脳100%
鍔熺巼P
錛坵錛? P=wt
W錛氬姛
t錛氭椂闂?
鍘嬪己p
錛圥a錛? P=F/S
F錛氬帇鍔?
S錛氬彈鍔涢潰縐?
娑蹭綋鍘嬪己p
錛圥a錛? P=蟻gh 蟻錛氭恫浣撶殑瀵嗗害
h錛氭繁搴︼紙浠庢恫闈㈠埌鎵?姹傜偣
鐨勭珫鐩磋窛紱伙級(jí)
鐑?閲廞
錛圝錛? Q=cm鈻硉 c錛氱墿璐ㄧ殑姣旂儹瀹? m錛氳川閲?
鈻硉錛氭俯搴︾殑鍙樺寲鍊?
鐕冩枡鐕冪儳鏀懼嚭
鐨勭儹閲廞錛圝錛? Q=mq m錛氳川閲?
q錛氱儹鍊?
甯哥敤鐨勭墿鐞嗗叕寮忎笌閲嶈?佺煡璇嗙偣
涓?錛庣墿鐞嗗叕寮?
鍗曚綅錛? 鍏?寮? 澶囨敞 鍏?寮忕殑鍙樺艦
涓茶仈鐢?shù)璧\
鐢墊祦I錛圓錛? I=I1=I2=鈥︹?? 鐢墊祦澶勫?勭浉絳?
涓茶仈鐢?shù)璧\
鐢?shù)鍘婾錛圴錛? U=U1+U2+鈥︹?? 涓茶仈鐢?shù)璧\璧?
鍒嗗帇浣滅敤
涓茶仈鐢?shù)璧\
鐢?shù)闃籖錛埼╋級(jí) R=R1+R2+鈥︹??
騫惰仈鐢?shù)璧\
鐢墊祦I錛圓錛? I=I1+I2+鈥︹?? 騫茶礬鐢墊祦絳変簬鍚?
鏀?璺?鐢墊祦涔嬪拰錛堝垎嫻侊級(jí)
騫惰仈鐢?shù)璧\
鐢?shù)鍘婾錛圴錛? U=U1=U2=鈥︹??
騫惰仈鐢?shù)璧\
鐢?shù)闃籖錛埼╋級(jí) = + +鈥︹??
嬈у?嗗畾寰? I=
鐢?shù)璧\涓?鐨勭數(shù)嫻佷笌鐢?shù)鍘?
鎴愭?ｆ瘮,涓庣數(shù)闃繪垚鍙嶆瘮
鐢墊祦瀹氫箟寮? I=
Q錛氱數(shù)鑽烽噺錛堝簱浠戯級(jí)
t錛氭椂闂達(dá)紙S錛?
鐢?shù)鍔焀
錛圝錛? W=UIt=Pt U錛氱數(shù)鍘? I錛氱數(shù)嫻?
t錛氭椂闂? P錛氱數(shù)鍔熺巼
鐢?shù)鍔熺? P=UI=I2R=U2/R U:鐢?shù)鍘?I錛氱數(shù)嫻?
R錛氱數(shù)闃?
鐢電?佹嘗娉㈤?熶笌娉?
闀褲?侀?戠巼鐨勫叧緋? C=位謂 C錛?
鐗╃悊閲? 鍗曚綅 鍏?寮?
鍚嶇О 絎﹀彿 鍚嶇О 絎﹀彿
璐ㄩ噺 m 鍗冨厠 kg m=pv
娓╁害 t 鎽勬皬搴? 擄C
閫熷害 v 綾籌紡縐? m/s v=s/t
瀵嗗害 p 鍗冨厠錛?綾?3 kg/m3 p=m/v
鍔涳紙閲嶅姏錛? F 鐗涢】錛堢墰錛? N G=mg
鍘嬪己 P 甯曟柉鍗?錛堝笗錛? Pa P=F/S
鍔? W 鐒﹁??錛堢劍錛? J W=Fs
鍔熺巼 P 鐡︾壒錛堢摝錛? w P=W/t
鐢墊祦 I 瀹夊煿錛堝畨錛? A I=U/R
鐢?shù)鍘?U 浼忕壒錛堜紡錛? V U=IR
鐢?shù)闃?R 嬈у?嗭紙嬈э級(jí) R=U/I
鐢?shù)鍔?W 鐒﹁?籌紙鐒︼級(jí) J W=UIt
鐢?shù)鍔熺? P 鐡︾壒錛堢摝錛? w P=W/t=UI
鐑?閲? Q 鐒﹁?籌紙鐒︼級(jí) J Q=cm(t-t擄)
姣旂儹 c 鐒︼紡錛堝崈鍏嬄癈錛? J/(kg擄C)
鐪熺┖涓?鍏夐?? 3脳108綾籌紡縐?
g 9.8鐗涢】錛忓崈鍏?
15擄C絀烘皵涓?澹伴?? 340綾籌紡縐?
鍒濅腑鐗╃悊鍏?寮忔眹緙?
銆愬姏 瀛? 閮? 鍒嗐??
1銆侀?熷害錛歏=S/t
2銆侀噸鍔涳細(xì)G=mg
3銆佸瘑搴︼細(xì)蟻=m/V
4銆佸帇寮猴細(xì)p=F/S
5銆佹恫浣撳帇寮猴細(xì)p=蟻gh
6銆佹誕鍔涳細(xì)
錛?1錛夈?丗嫻?錛滷鈥欙紞F (鍘嬪姏宸?)
錛?2錛夈?丗嫻?錛滸錛岶 (瑙嗛噸鍔?)
錛?3錛夈?丗嫻?錛滸 (婕傛誕銆佹?zhèn)瑡?)
錛?4錛夈??闃垮熀綾沖痙鍘熺悊錛欶嫻?=G鎺掞紳蟻娑瞘V鎺?
7銆佹潬鏉嗗鉤琛℃潯浠訛細(xì)F1 L1錛滷2 L2
8銆佺悊鎯?鏂滈潰錛欶/G錛漢/L
9銆佺悊鎯蟲(chóng)粦杞?錛欶=G/n
10銆佸疄闄呮粦杞?錛欶錛?(G錛婫鍔?)/ n (绔栫洿鏂瑰悜)
11銆佸姛錛歐錛滷S錛滸h (鎶婄墿浣撲婦楂?)
12銆佸姛鐜囷細(xì)P錛漌/t錛滷V
13銆佸姛鐨勫師鐞嗭細(xì)W鎵嬶紳W鏈?
14銆佸疄闄呮満姊幫細(xì)W鎬伙紳W鏈夛紜W棰濆??
15銆佹満姊版晥鐜囷細(xì) 畏錛漌鏈?/W鎬?
16銆佹粦杞?緇勬晥鐜囷細(xì)
錛?1錛夈?佄鳳紳G/ nF(绔栫洿鏂瑰悜)
錛?2錛夈?佄鳳紳G/(G錛婫鍔?) (绔栫洿鏂瑰悜涓嶈?℃懇鎿?)
錛?3錛夈?佄鳳紳f / nF (姘村鉤鏂瑰悜)
銆愮儹 瀛? 閮? 鍒嗐??
1銆佸惛鐑?錛歈鍚革紳Cm(t錛峵0)錛滳m螖t
2銆佹斁鐑?錛歈鏀撅紳Cm(t0錛峵)錛滳m螖t
3銆佺儹鍊?
鐗╃悊閲? 鍗曚綅 鍏?寮?
鍚嶇О 絎﹀彿 鍚嶇О 絎﹀彿
璐ㄩ噺 m 鍗冨厠 kg m=pv
娓╁害 t 鎽勬皬搴? 擄C
閫熷害 v 綾籌紡縐? m/s v=s/t
瀵嗗害 p 鍗冨厠錛忕背3 kg/m3 p=m/v
鍔涳紙閲嶅姏錛? F 鐗涢】錛堢墰錛? N G=mg
鍘嬪己 P 甯曟柉鍗★紙甯曪級(jí) Pa P=F/S
鍔? W 鐒﹁?籌紙鐒︼級(jí) J W=Fs
鍔熺巼 P 鐡︾壒錛堢摝錛? w P=W/t
鐢墊祦 I 瀹夊煿錛堝畨錛? A I=U/R
鐢?shù)鍘?U 浼忕壒錛堜紡錛? V U=IR
鐢?shù)闃?R 嬈у?嗭紙嬈э級(jí) R=U/I
鐢?shù)鍔?W 鐒﹁?籌紙鐒︼級(jí) J W=UIt
鐢?shù)鍔熺? P 鐡︾壒錛堢摝錛? w P=W/t=UI
鐑?閲? Q 鐒﹁?籌紙鐒︼級(jí) J Q=cm(t-t擄)
姣旂儹 c 鐒︼紡錛堝崈鍏嬄癈錛? J/(kg擄C)
鐪熺┖涓?鍏夐?? 3脳108綾籌紡縐?
g 9.8鐗涢】錛忓崈鍏?
15擄C絀烘皵涓?澹伴?? 340綾籌紡縐?
瀹夊叏鐢?shù)鍘?涓嶉珮?shù)?36浼?
鍒濅腑鐗╃悊鍩烘湰姒傚康姒傝??
涓?銆佹祴閲?
鈷堥暱搴?L錛氫富鍗曚綅:綾籌紱嫻嬮噺宸ュ叿:鍒誨害灝猴紱嫻嬮噺鏃惰?佷及璇誨埌鏈?灝忓埢搴︾殑涓嬩竴浣嶏紱鍏夊勾鐨勫崟浣嶆槸闀垮害鍗曚綅銆?
鈷夋椂闂磘錛氫富鍗曚綅:縐掞紱嫻嬮噺宸ュ叿:閽熻〃錛涘疄楠屽?や腑鐢ㄥ仠琛ㄣ??1鏃訛紳3600縐掞紝1縐掞紳1000姣?縐掋??
鈷婅川綰ゆ瘉閲弇錛氱墿浣撲腑鎵?鍚?鐗╄川鐨勫?氬皯鍙?璐ㄩ噺銆備富鍗曚綅錛氬崈鍏嬶紱 嫻嬮噺宸ュ叿錛氱Г錛涘疄楠屽?ょ敤鎵樼洏澶╁鉤銆?
浜屻?佹満姊拌繍鍔?
鈷堟満姊拌繍鍔?錛氱墿浣撲綅緗?鍙戠敓鍙樺寲鐨勮繍鍔ㄣ??
鍙傜収鐗╋細(xì)鍒ゆ柇涓?涓?鐗╀綋榪愬姩蹇呴』閫夊彇鍙︿竴涓?鐗╀綋浣滄爣鍑嗭紝榪欎釜琚?閫変綔鏍囧噯鐨勭墿浣撳彨鍙傜収鐗┿??
鈷夊寑閫熺洿綰胯繍鍔?錛?
鈶犳瘮杈冭繍鍔ㄥ揩鎱㈢殑涓ょ?嶆柟娉曪細(xì)a 姣旇緝鍦ㄧ浉絳夋椂闂撮噷閫氳繃鐨勮礬紼嬨?俠 姣旇緝閫氳繃鐩哥瓑璺?紼嬫墍闇?鐨勬椂闂淬??
鈶″叕寮忥細(xì) 1綾籌紡縐掞紳3.6鍗冪背錛忔椂銆?
涓夈?佸姏
鈷堝姏F錛氬姏鏄?鐗╀綋瀵圭墿浣撶殑浣滅敤銆傜墿浣撻棿鍔涚殑浣滅敤鎬繪槸鐩鎬簰鐨勩??
鍔涚殑鍗曚綅錛氱墰欏匡紙N錛夈?傛祴閲忓姏鐨勪華鍣?錛氭祴鍔涘櫒錛涘疄楠屽?や嬌鐢ㄥ脊綈хГ銆?
鍔涚殑浣滅敤鏁堟灉錛氫嬌鐗╀綋鍙戠敓褰㈠彉鎴栦嬌鐗╀綋鐨勮繍鍔ㄧ姸鎬佸彂鐢熸敼鍙樸??
鐗╀綋榪愬姩鐘舵?佹敼鍙樻槸鎸囩墿浣撶殑閫熷害澶у皬鎴栬繍鍔ㄦ柟鍚戞敼鍙樸??
鈷夊姏鐨勪笁瑕佺礌錛氬姏鐨勫ぇ灝忋?佹柟鍚戙?佷綔鐢ㄧ偣鍙?鍋氬姏鐨勪笁瑕佺礌銆?
鍔涚殑鍥劇ず錛岃?佷綔鏍囧害錛涘姏鐨勭ず鎰忓浘錛屼笉浣滄爣搴︺??
鈷婇噸鍔汫錛氱敱浜庡湴鐞冨惛寮曡?屼嬌鐗╀綋鍙楀埌鐨勫姏銆傛柟鍚戯細(xì)绔栫洿鍚戜笅銆?
閲嶅姏鍜岃川閲忓叧緋伙細(xì)G=mg m=G/g
g=9.8鐗涳紡鍗冨厠銆傝?繪硶錛?9.8鐗涙瘡鍗冨厠錛岃〃紺鴻川閲忎負(fù)1鍗冨厠鐗╀綋鎵?鍙楅噸鍔涗負(fù)9.8鐗涖??
閲嶅績(jī)錛氶噸鍔涚殑浣滅敤鐐瑰彨鍋氱墿浣撶殑閲嶅績(jī)銆傝?勫垯鐗╀綋鐨勯噸蹇?jī)鍦ㄧ墿浣撶殑鍑犱綍涓績(jī)??
鈷嬩簩鍔涘鉤琛℃潯浠訛細(xì)浣滅敤鍦ㄥ悓涓?鐗╀綋錛涗袱鍔涘ぇ灝忕浉絳夛紝鏂瑰悜鐩稿弽錛涗綔鐢ㄥ湪涓?鐩寸嚎涓娿??
鐗╀綋鍦ㄤ簩鍔涘鉤琛′笅錛屽彲浠ラ潤(rùn)姝?錛屼篃鍙?浠ヤ綔鍖?閫熺洿綰胯繍鍔ㄣ??
鐗╀綋鐨勫鉤琛＄姸鎬佹槸鎸囩墿浣撳?勪簬闈?rùn)?㈡垨鍖?閫熺洿綰胯繍鍔ㄧ姸鎬併?傚?勪簬騫寵鐘舵?佺殑鐗╀綋鎵?鍙楀?栧姏鐨勫悎鍔涗負(fù)闆躲??
鈷屽悓涓?鐩寸嚎浜屽姏鍚堟垚錛氭柟鍚戠浉鍚岋細(xì)鍚堝姏F=F1+F2 ;鍚堝姏鏂瑰悜涓嶧1銆丗2鏂瑰悜鐩稿悓錛?
鏂瑰悜鐩稿弽錛氬悎鍔汧=F1-F2錛屽悎鍔涙柟鍚戜笌澶х殑鍔涙柟鍚戠浉鍚屻??
鈷嶇浉鍚屾潯浠朵笅錛屾粴鍔ㄦ懇鎿﹀姏姣旀粦鍔ㄦ懇鎿﹀姏灝忓緱澶氥??
婊戝姩鎽╂摝鍔涗笌姝ｅ帇鍔涳紝鎺ヨЕ闈㈡潗鏂欐?ц川鍜岀矖緋欑▼搴︽湁鍏熾?傘?愭粦鍔ㄦ懇鎿︺?佹粴鍔ㄦ懇鎿︺?侀潤(rùn)鎽╂摝銆?
7錛庣墰欏跨??涓?瀹氬緥涔熺О涓烘儻鎬у畾寰嬪叾鍐呭?規(guī)槸錛氫竴鍒囩墿浣撳湪涓嶅彈澶栧姏浣滅敤鏃訛紝鎬諱繚鎸侀潤(rùn)姝㈡垨鍖?閫熺洿綰胯繍鍔ㄧ姸鎬併?? 鎯?鎬э細(xì)鐗╀綋鍏鋒湁淇濇寔鍘熸潵鐨勯潤(rùn)姝㈡垨鍖?閫熺洿綰胯繍鍔ㄧ姸鎬佺殑鎬ц川鍙?鍋氭儻鎬с??
鍥涖?佸瘑搴?
鈷堝瘑搴ο侊細(xì)鏌愮?嶇墿璐ㄥ崟浣嶄綋縐?鐨勮川閲忥紝瀵嗗害鏄?鐗╄川鐨勪竴縐嶇壒鎬с??
鍏?寮忥細(xì) m=蟻V 鍥介檯鍗曚綅錛氬崈鍏嬶紡綾?3 錛屽父鐢ㄥ崟浣嶏細(xì)鍏嬶紡鍘樼背3錛?
鍏崇郴錛?1鍏嬶紡鍘樼背3錛?1脳103鍗冨厠錛忕背3錛浵佹按錛?1脳103鍗冨厠錛忕背3錛?
璇繪硶錛?103鍗冨厠姣忕珛鏂規(guī)瘉鐚滃?囩背錛岃〃紺?1绔嬫柟綾蟲(chóng)按鐨勮川閲忎負(fù)103鍗冨厠銆?
鈷夊瘑搴︽祴瀹氾細(xì)鐢ㄦ墭鐩樺ぉ騫蟲(chóng)祴璐ㄩ噺錛岄噺絳掓祴鍥轟綋鎴栨恫浣撶殑浣撶Н銆?
闈㈢Н鍗曚綅鎹㈢畻錛?
1鍘樼背2=1脳10-4綾?2錛?
1姣?綾?2=1脳10-6綾?2銆?
浜斻?佸帇寮?
鈷堝帇寮篜錛氱墿浣撳崟浣嶉潰縐?涓婂彈鍒扮殑鍘嬪姏鍙?鍋氬帇寮恒??
鍘嬪姏F錛氬瀭鐩翠綔鐢ㄥ湪鐗╀綋琛ㄩ潰涓婄殑鍔涳紝鍗曚綅錛氱墰錛圢錛夈??
鍘嬪姏浜х敓鐨勬晥鏋滅敤鍘嬪己澶у皬琛ㄧず錛岃窡鍘嬪姏澶у皬銆佸彈鍔涢潰縐?澶у皬鏈夊叧銆?
鍘嬪己鍗曚綅錛氱墰/綾?2錛涗笓闂ㄥ悕縐幫細(xì)甯曟柉鍗★紙Pa錛?
鍏?寮忥細(xì) F=PS 銆怱錛氬彈鍔涢潰縐?錛屼袱鐗╀綋鎺ヨЕ鐨勫叕鍏遍儴鍒嗭紱鍗曚綅錛氱背2銆傘??
鏀瑰彉鍘嬪己澶у皬鏂規(guī)硶錛氣憼鍑忓皬鍘嬪姏鎴栧?炲厗濉屽ぇ鍙楀姏闈㈢Н錛屽彲浠ュ噺灝忓帇寮猴紱鈶″?炲ぇ鍘嬪姏鎴栧噺灝忓彈鍔涢潰縐?錛屽彲浠ュ?炲ぇ鍘嬪己銆?
鈷夋恫浣撳唴閮ㄥ帇寮猴細(xì)銆愭祴閲忔恫浣撳唴閮ㄥ帇寮猴細(xì)浣跨敤娑蹭綋鍘嬪己璁★紙U鍨嬬?″帇寮鴻?★級(jí)銆傘??
浜х敓鍘熷洜錛氱敱浜庢恫浣撴湁閲嶅姏錛屽?瑰?瑰櫒搴曚駭鐢熷帇寮猴紱鐢變簬娑蹭綋嫻佸姩鎬э紝瀵瑰櫒澹佷駭鐢熷帇寮恒??
瑙勫緥錛氣憼鍚屼竴娣卞害澶勶紝鍚勪釜鏂瑰悜涓婂帇寮哄ぇ灝忕浉絳夆憽娣卞害瓚婂ぇ錛屽帇寮轟篃瓚婂ぇ鈶?涓嶅悓娑蹭綋鍚屼竴娣卞害澶勶紝娑蹭綋瀵嗗害澶х殑錛屽帇寮轟篃澶с?? [娣卞害h錛屾恫闈㈠埌娑蹭綋鏌愮偣鐨勭珫鐩撮珮搴︺?俔
鍏?寮忥細(xì)P=蟻gh h錛氬崟浣嶏細(xì)綾籌紱 蟻錛氬崈鍏嬶紡綾?3錛? g=9.8鐗涳紡鍗冨厠銆?
鈷婂ぇ姘斿帇寮猴細(xì)澶ф皵鍙楀埌閲嶅姏浣滅敤浜х敓鍘嬪己錛岃瘉鏄庡ぇ姘斿帇瀛樺湪涓斿緢澶х殑鏄?椹?寰峰牎鍗婄悆瀹為獙錛屾祴瀹氬ぇ姘斿帇寮烘暟鍊肩殑鏄?鎵橀噷鎷嗗埄錛堟剰澶у埄縐戝?﹀?訛級(jí)銆傛墭閲屾媶鍒╃?″?炬枩鍚庯紝姘撮摱鏌遍珮搴︿笉鍙橈紝闀垮害鍙橀暱銆?
1涓?鏍囧噯澶ф皵鍘嬶紳76鍘樼背姘撮摱鏌遍珮錛?1.01脳105甯曪紳10.336綾蟲(chóng)按鏌遍珮
嫻嬪畾澶ф皵鍘嬬殑浠?鍣?錛氭皵鍘嬭?★紙姘撮摱姘斿帇璁°?佺洅寮忔皵鍘嬭?★級(jí)銆?
澶ф皵鍘嬪己闅忛珮搴﹀彉鍖栬?勫緥錛氭搗鎷旇秺楂橈紝姘斿帇瓚婂皬錛屽嵆闅忛珮搴﹀?炲姞鑰屽噺灝忥紝娌哥偣涔熼檷浣庛??
鍏?銆佹誕鍔?
1錛庢誕鍔涘強(qiáng)浜х敓鍘熷洜錛氭蹈鍦ㄦ恫浣擄紙鎴栨皵浣擄級(jí)涓?鐨勭墿浣撳彈鍒版恫浣擄紙鎴栨皵浣擄級(jí)瀵瑰畠鍚戜笂鎵樼殑鍔涘彨嫻?鍔涖?傛柟鍚戯細(xì)绔栫洿鍚戜笂錛涘師鍥狅細(xì)娑蹭綋瀵圭墿浣撶殑涓娿?佷笅鍘嬪姏宸?銆?
2錛庨樋鍩虹背寰峰師鐞嗭細(xì)嫻稿湪娑蹭綋閲岀殑鐗╀綋鍙楀埌鍚戜笂鐨勬誕鍔涳紝嫻?鍔涘ぇ灝忕瓑浜庣墿浣撴帓寮?娑蹭綋鎵?鍙楅噸鍔涖??
鍗矲嫻?錛滸娑叉帓錛澫佹恫gV鎺掋?? 錛圴鎺掕〃紺虹墿浣撴帓寮?娑蹭綋鐨勪綋縐?錛?
3錛庢誕鍔涜?＄畻鍏?寮忥細(xì)F嫻?錛滸-T錛澫佹恫gV鎺掞紳F涓娿?佷笅鍘嬪姏宸?
4錛庡綋鐗╀綋婕傛誕鏃訛細(xì)F嫻?錛滸鐗? 涓? 蟻鐗?<蟻娑? 褰撶墿浣撴?zhèn)瑡?鏃訛細(xì)F嫻?錛滸鐗? 涓? 蟻鐗?=蟻娑?
褰撶墿浣撲笂嫻?鏃訛細(xì)F嫻?>G鐗? 涓? 蟻鐗?<蟻娑? 褰撶墿浣撲笅娌夋椂錛欶嫻?
涓冦?佺畝鍗曟満姊?
鈷堟潬鏉嗗鉤琛℃潯浠訛細(xì)F1l1錛滷2l2銆傚姏鑷傦細(xì)浠庢敮鐐瑰埌鍔涚殑浣滅敤綰跨殑鍨傜洿璺濈??
閫氳繃璋冭妭鏉犳潌涓ょ??铻烘瘝浣挎潬鏉嗗?勪簬姘翠綅緗?鐨勭洰鐨勶細(xì)渚夸簬鐩存帴嫻嬪畾鍔ㄥ姏鑷傚拰闃誨姏鑷傜殑闀垮害銆?
瀹氭粦杞?錛氱浉褰撲簬絳夎噦鏉犳潌錛屼笉鑳界渷鍔涳紝浣嗚兘鏀瑰彉鐢ㄥ姏鐨勬柟鍚戙??
鍔ㄦ粦杞?錛氱浉褰撲簬鍔ㄥ姏鑷傛槸闃誨姏鑷?2鍊嶇殑鏉犳潌錛岃兘鐪佷竴鍗婂姏錛屼絾涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鐢ㄥ姏鏂瑰悜銆?
鈷夊姛錛氫袱涓?蹇呰?佸洜绱狅細(xì)鈶犱綔鐢ㄥ湪鐗╀綋涓婄殑鍔涳紱鈶＄墿浣撳湪鍔涙柟鍚戜笂閫氳繃璺濈?匯?俉錛滷S 鍔熺殑鍗曚綅錛氱劍鑰?
3錛庡姛鐜囷細(xì)鐗╀綋鍦ㄥ崟浣嶆椂闂撮噷鎵?鍋氱殑鍔熴?傝〃紺虹墿浣撳仛鍔熺殑蹇?鎱㈢殑鐗╃悊閲忥紝鍗沖姛鐜囧ぇ鐨勭墿浣撳仛鍔熷揩銆?
W=Pt P鐨勫崟浣嶏細(xì)鐡︾壒錛? W鐨勫崟浣嶏細(xì)鐒﹁?籌紱 t鐨勫崟浣嶏細(xì)縐掋??
鍏?銆佸厜
鈷堝厜鐨勭洿綰夸紶鎾?錛氬厜鍦ㄥ悓涓?縐嶅潎鍖?浠嬭川涓?鏄?娌跨洿綰夸紶鎾?鐨勩?傚皬瀛旀垚鍍忋?佸獎(jiǎng)瀛愩?佸厜鏂戞槸鍏夌殑鐩寸嚎浼犳挱鐜拌薄銆?
鍏夊湪鐪熺┖涓?鐨勯?熷害鏈?澶т負(fù)3脳108綾籌紡縐掞紳3脳105鍗冪背錛忕??
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Q涓巆銆乵銆佲娍t鎴愭?ｆ瘮錛宑銆乵銆佲娍t涔嬮棿鎴愬弽姣斻?傗娍t=Q/cm 6錛庡唴鑳斤細(xì)鐗╀綋鍐呮墍鏈夊垎瀛愮殑鍔ㄨ兘鍜屽垎瀛愬娍鑳界殑鎬誨拰銆備竴鍒囩墿浣撻兘鏈夊唴鑳姐?傚唴鑳藉崟浣嶏細(xì)鐒﹁?? 鐗╀綋鐨勫唴鑳戒笌鐗╀綋鐨勬俯搴︽湁鍏熾?傜墿浣撴俯搴﹀崌楂橈紝鍐呰兘澧炲ぇ錛涙俯搴﹂檷浣庡唴鑳藉噺灝忋?? 鏀瑰彉鐗╀綋鍐呰兘鐨勬柟娉曪細(xì)鍋氬姛鍜岀儹浼犻?掞紙瀵規(guī)敼鍙樼墿浣撳唴鑳芥槸絳夋晥鐨勶級(jí) 7錛庤兘鐨勮漿鍖栧拰瀹堟亽瀹氬緥錛氳兘閲忓嵆涓嶄細(xì)鍑?絀轟駭鐢燂紝涔熶笉浼?xì)鍑I烘秷澶憋紝瀹冨彧浼?xì)浠庝?縐嶅艦寮忚漿鍖栦負(fù)鍏跺畠褰㈠紡錛屾垨鑰呬粠涓?涓?鐗╀綋杞?縐誨埌鍙︿竴涓?鐗╀綋錛岃?岃兘鐨勬?婚噺淇濇寔涓嶅彉銆? 鍗併?佺數(shù)璺? 鈷堢數(shù)璺?鐢辯數(shù)婧愩?佺數(shù)閿?銆佺敤鐢?shù)鍣ㄣ€佸?肩嚎絳夊厓浠剁粍鎴愩?傝?佷嬌鐢?shù)璧\涓?鏈夋寔緇?鐢墊祦錛岀數(shù)璺?涓?蹇呴』鏈夌數(shù)婧愶紝涓旂數(shù)璺?搴旈棴鍚堢殑銆? 鐢?shù)璧\鏈夐?氳礬銆佹柇璺?錛堝紑璺?錛夈?佺數(shù)婧愬拰鐢ㄧ數(shù)鍣ㄧ煭璺?絳夌幇璞°?? 鈷夊?規(guī)槗瀵肩數(shù)鐨勭墿璐ㄥ彨瀵間綋銆傚?傞噾灞炪?侀吀銆佺⒈銆佺洂鐨勬按婧舵恫銆備笉瀹規(guī)槗瀵肩數(shù)鐨勭墿璐ㄥ彨緇濈紭?shù)綋?傚?傛湪澶淬?佺幓鐠冪瓑銆? 緇濈紭?shù)綋鍦ㄤ?瀹氭潯浠朵笅鍙?浠ヨ漿鍖栦負(fù)瀵間綋銆? 鈷婁覆銆佸茍鑱旂數(shù)璺?鐨勮瘑鍒?錛氫覆鑱旓細(xì)鐢墊祦涓嶅垎鍙夛紝騫惰仈錛氱數(shù)嫻佹湁鍒嗗弶銆? 銆愭妸闈炴爣鍑嗙數(shù)璺?鍥捐漿鍖栦負(fù)鏍囧噯鐨勭數(shù)璺?鍥劇殑鏂規(guī)硶錛氶噰鐢ㄧ數(shù)嫻佹祦寰勬硶銆傘?? 鍗佷竴銆佺數(shù)嫻佸畾寰? 鈷堢數(shù)閲廞錛氱數(shù)鑽風(fēng)殑澶氬皯鍙?鐢?shù)閲忓Q屽崟浣嶏細(xì)搴撲粦銆? 鐢墊祦I錛?1縐掗挓鍐呴?氳繃瀵間綋妯?鎴?闈㈢殑鐢?shù)閲忓?鍋氱數(shù)嫻佸己搴︺?? Q=It 鐢墊祦鍗曚綅錛氬畨鍩?(A) 1瀹夊煿=1000姣?瀹? 姝ｇ數(shù)鑽峰畾鍚戠Щ鍔ㄧ殑鏂瑰悜瑙勫畾涓虹數(shù)嫻佹柟鍚戙?? 嫻嬮噺鐢墊祦鐢ㄧ數(shù)嫻佽〃錛屼覆鑱斿湪鐢?shù)璧\涓?錛屽茍鑰冭檻閲忕▼閫傚悎銆備笉鍏佽?告妸鐢墊祦琛ㄧ洿鎺ユ帴鍦ㄧ數(shù)婧愪袱绔?銆? 鈷夌數(shù)鍘婾錛氫嬌鐢?shù)璧\涓?鐨勮嚜鐢辯數(shù)鑽蜂綔瀹氬悜縐誨姩褰㈡垚鐢墊祦鐨勫師鍥犮?傜數(shù)鍘嬪崟浣嶏細(xì)浼忕壒(V)銆? 嫻嬮噺鐢?shù)鍘嬬敤鐢?shù)鍘嬭〃(浼忕壒琛?)錛屽茍鑱斿湪鐢?shù)璧\錛堢敤鐢?shù)鍣ㄣ€佺數(shù)婧愶級(jí)涓ょ??錛屽茍鑰冭檻閲忕▼閫傚悎銆? 鈷婄數(shù)闃籖錛氬?肩數(shù)鐗╀綋瀵圭數(shù)嫻佺殑闃葷?嶄綔鐢ㄣ?傜?﹀彿錛歊錛屽崟浣嶏細(xì)嬈у?嗐?佸崈嬈с?佸厗嬈с?? 鐢?shù)闃诲ぇ灏忚窡?肩嚎闀垮害鎴愭?ｆ瘮錛屾í鎴?闈㈢Н鎴愬弽姣旓紝榪樹(shù)笌鏉愭枡鏈夊叧銆傘?? 銆? 瀵間綋鐢?shù)闃讳笉鍚屽Q屼覆鑱斿湪鐢?shù)璧\涓?鏃訛紝鐢墊祦鐩稿悓錛?1鈭?1錛夈?? 瀵間綋鐢?shù)闃讳笉鍚屽Q屽茍鑱斿湪鐢?shù)璧\涓?鏃訛紝鐢?shù)鍘嬬浉鍚屽Q?1:1錛? 鈷嬫?у?嗗畾寰嬶細(xì)鍏?寮忥細(xì)I錛漊錛廟 U錛滻R R錛漊錛廔 瀵間綋涓?鐨勭數(shù)嫻佸己搴﹁窡瀵間綋涓ょ??鐢?shù)鍘嬫垚?ｆ瘮錛岃窡瀵間綋鐨勭數(shù)闃繪垚鍙嶆瘮銆? 瀵間綋鐢?shù)闃籖錛漊錛廔銆傚?逛竴紜?瀹氱殑瀵間綋鑻ョ數(shù)鍘嬪彉鍖栥?佺數(shù)嫻佷篃鍙戠敓鍙樺寲錛屼絾鐢?shù)闃诲€間笉鍙樸?? 鈷屼覆鑱旂數(shù)璺?鐗圭偣錛? 鈶? I錛滻1錛滻2 鈶? U錛漊1錛婾2 鈶? R錛漅1錛婻2 鈶? 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