目錄七年級(jí)語(yǔ)文書下冊(cè)課本 初一上冊(cè)語(yǔ)文課本電子書 七年級(jí)語(yǔ)文書上冊(cè)課文 七年級(jí)語(yǔ)文書第二課 初一上冊(cè)語(yǔ)文重點(diǎn)筆記免費(fèi)
銆? #鏁欐??#瀵艱??銆戙?婃祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┿?嬫槸涓?綃囧厖婊¤瘲鎯呯敾鎰忕殑鏁ｆ枃錛岃?佽垗鍦ㄨ嫳鍥借?插?﹀叚騫翠箣涔咃紝鑻卞浗鐨勯浘姘旂粰浠栫暀涓嬫繁鍒葷殑鍗拌薄錛岃繕鍘諱簡(jiǎn)瑗垮崡鍦板尯錛屽洜姝ゆ潵鍒拌??瑾変負(fù)鈥滄硥鍩庘?濈殑灞變笢鐪佷細(xì)嫻庡崡鍚庯紝鎰熷彈闈炲父寮虹儓銆傛爣棰樷?滄祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┾?濓紝綆?媧侀槓鏄庝簡(jiǎn)鍦扮偣錛岃妭浠ゃ?傝?佽垗绱х揣鎶撲綇嫻庡崡鍐?澶┾?滄俯鏅粹?濊繖涓?鐗圭偣錛屾弿榪板嚭涓?騫呭箙嫻庡崡鐗規(guī)湁鐨勫姩浜虹殑鍐?鏅?銆? 鑰? 緗戝噯澶囦簡(jiǎn)浠ヤ笅鍐呭?癸紝渚涘ぇ瀹跺弬鑰?!
銆愮瘒涓?銆戦儴緙栫増涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鏂囩??2璇俱?婃祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┿?嬭?炬枃鍘熸枃
銆?銆?瀵逛簬涓?涓?鍦ㄥ寳騫充綇鎯?鐨勪漢錛屽儚鎴戯紝鍐?澶╄?佹槸涓嶅埉椋庯紝渚胯?夊緱鏄?濂囪抗錛涙祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶╂槸娌℃湁椋庡０鐨勩?傚?逛簬涓?涓?鍒氱敱浼︽暒鍥炴潵鐨勪漢錛屽儚鎴戯紝鍐?澶╄?佽兘鐪嬪緱瑙佹棩鍏夛紝渚胯?夊緱鏄?鎬?浜嬶紱嫻庡崡鐨勫啲澶╂槸鍝嶆櫞鐨勩?傝嚜鐒?dòng)灱屽湪鐑甫鐨勫湴鏂瑰Q屾棩鍏夋槸姘歌繙閭ｄ箞姣掞紝鍝嶄寒鐨勫ぉ姘旓紝鍙嶆湁鐐瑰彨浜哄?蟲(chóng)?曘?傚彲鏄?錛屽湪鍖椾腑鍥界殑鍐?澶╋紝鑰岃兘鏈夋俯鏅寸殑澶╂皵錛屾祹鍗楃湡寰楃畻涓?瀹濆湴銆?
銆?銆?璁捐嫢鍗曞崟鏄?鏈夐槼鍏夛紝閭ｄ篃綆椾笉浜?jiǎn)鍑哄?傝?烽棴涓婄溂鐫涙兂錛氫竴涓?鑰佸煄錛屾湁灞辨湁姘達(dá)紝鍏ㄥ湪澶╁簳涓嬫檼鐫?闃沖厜錛屾殩鍜屽畨閫傚湴鐫＄潃錛屽彧絳夋槬椋庢潵鎶婂畠浠?鍞ら啋錛岃繖鏄?涓嶆槸涓?鐞嗘兂鐨勫?冪晫錛熷皬灞辨暣鎶婃祹鍗楀洿浜?jiǎn)涓湀鍎垮Q屽彧鏈夊寳杈圭己鐫?鐐瑰彛鍎褲?傝繖涓?鍦堝皬灞卞湪鍐?澶╃壒鍒?鍙?鐖憋紝濂藉儚鏄?鎶婃祹鍗楁斁鍦ㄤ竴涓?灝忔憞綃?閲岋紝瀹冧滑瀹夐潤(rùn)涓嶅姩鍦頒綆澹板湴璇達(dá)細(xì)鈥滀綘浠?鏀懼績(jī)鍚э紝榪欏効鍑嗕繚鏆栧拰銆傗?濈湡鐨勶紝嫻庡崡鐨勪漢浠?鍦ㄥ啲澶╂槸闈?涓婂惈絎戠殑銆備粬浠?涓?鐪嬮偅浜涘皬灞憋紝蹇?jī)涓究?夊緱鏈変簡(jiǎn)鐫?钀斤紝鏈変簡(jiǎn)渚濋潬銆備粬浠?鐢卞ぉ涓婄湅鍒板北涓婏紝渚夸笉鐭ヤ笉瑙夊湴鎯寵搗錛氣?滄槑澶╀篃璁稿氨鏄?鏄ュぉ浜?jiǎn)鍚уQ熻繖鏍風(fēng)殑娓╂殩錛屼粖澶╁?滈噷灞辮崏涔熻?稿氨緇胯搗鏉ヤ簡(jiǎn)鍚э紵鈥濆氨鏄?榪欑偣騫繪兂涓嶈兘涓?鏃跺疄鐜幫紝浠栦滑涔熷茍涓嶇潃鎬ワ紝鍥犱負(fù)鏈夎繖鏍鋒厛鍠勭殑鍐?澶╋紝騫插暐榪樺笇鏈涘埆鐨勫憿錛?
銆?銆?鏈?濡欑殑鏄?涓嬬偣灝忛洩鍛?銆傜湅鍚э紝灞變笂鐨勭煯鏉捐秺鍙戠殑闈掗粦錛屾爲(wèi)灝栦笂欏剁潃涓?楂誨効鐧借姳錛屽ソ鍍忔棩鏈?鐪嬫姢濡囥?傚北灝栧叏鐧戒簡(jiǎn)錛岀粰钃濆ぉ闀朵笂涓?閬撻摱杈廣?傚北鍧′笂錛屾湁鐨勫湴鏂歸洩鍘氱偣錛屾湁鐨勫湴鏂硅崏鑹茶繕闇茬潃錛涜繖鏍鳳紝涓?閬撳効鐧斤紝涓?閬撳効鏆楅粍錛岀粰灞變滑絀夸笂涓?浠跺甫姘寸汗鐨勮姳琛ｏ紱鐪嬬潃鐪嬬潃錛岃繖浠惰姳琛ｅソ鍍忚??椋庡効鍚瑰姩錛屽彨浣犲笇鏈涚湅瑙佷竴鐐規(guī)洿緹庣殑灞辯殑鑲岃偆銆傜瓑鍒板揩鏃ヨ惤鐨勬椂鍊欙紝寰?榛勭殑闃沖厜鏂滃皠鍦ㄥ北鑵頒笂錛岄偅鐐硅杽闆?濂藉儚蹇界劧瀹充簡(jiǎn)緹烇紝寰?寰?闇插嚭鐐圭矇鑹層?傚氨鏄?涓嬪皬闆?鍚э紝嫻庡崡鏄?鍙椾笉浣忓ぇ闆?鐨勶紝閭ｄ簺灝忓北澶?縐?姘旓紒
銆?銆?鍙よ?佺殑嫻庡崡錛屽煄鍐呴偅涔堢嫮紿勶紝鍩庡?栧張閭ｄ箞瀹芥暈錛屽北鍧′笂鍗х潃浜涘皬鏉戝簞錛屽皬鏉戝簞鐨勬埧欏朵笂鍗х潃鐐歸洩錛屽?癸紝榪欐槸寮犲皬姘村ⅷ鐢伙紝涔熻?告槸鍞愪唬鐨勫悕鎵嬬敾鐨勫惂銆?
銆?銆?閭ｆ按鍛?錛屼笉浣嗕笉緇撳啺錛屽?掑弽鍦ㄧ豢钀嶄笂鍐掔潃鐐圭儹姘旓紝姘磋椈鐪熺豢錛屾妸緇堝勾璐?钃勭殑緇胯壊鍏ㄦ嬁鍑烘潵浜?jiǎn)?傚ぉ鍎胯秺鏅達(dá)紝姘磋椈瓚婄豢錛屽氨鍑?榪欎簺緇跨殑綺劇?烇紝姘翠篃涓嶅繊寰楀喕涓婏紝鍐典笖閭ｄ簺闀挎灊鐨勫瀭鏌寵繕瑕佸湪姘撮噷鐓т釜褰卞効鍛?錛佺湅鍚э紝鐢辨緞娓呯殑娌蟲(chóng)按鎱㈡參嬋?琛″線涓婄湅鍚э紝絀轟腑錛屽崐絀轟腑錛屽ぉ涓婏紝鑷?涓婅?屼笅鍏ㄦ槸閭ｄ箞娓呬寒錛岄偅涔堣摑姹?姹?鐨勶紝鏁翠釜鐨勬槸鍧楃┖鐏電殑钃濇按鏅躲?傝繖鍧楁按鏅墮噷錛屽寘鐫?綰㈠眿欏訛紝榛勮崏灞憋紝鍍忓湴姣?涓婄殑灝忓洟鑺辯殑灝忕伆鑹叉爲(wèi)褰憋紱榪欏氨鏄?鍐?澶╃殑嫻庡崡銆?
銆愮瘒浜屻?戦儴緙栫増涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鏂囩??2璇俱?婃祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┿?嬫暀妗?1
銆?銆?瀛︿範(fàn)鐩?鏍囷細(xì)
銆?銆?鈶犵煡璇嗕笌鑳藉姏鐩?鏍囷細(xì)閫氳繃鍙嶅?嶈?佃?伙紝鏁翠綋鎰熺煡璇炬枃鐨勪富瑕佸唴瀹癸紝鐞嗘竻浣滆?呮?濊礬銆傚?︿範(fàn)浣滆?呮姄浣忔櫙鐗╃壒寰佸睍寮?鎻忓啓錛屾儏鏅?浜よ瀺鐨勫啓娉曘??
銆?銆?鈶¤繃紼嬩笌鏂規(guī)硶鐩?鏍囷細(xì)榪愮敤鑷?涓匯?佸悎浣溿?佹帰絀剁殑瀛︿範(fàn)鏂規(guī)硶娣卞叆鐞嗚В鏂囩珷錛屽搧鍛崇簿濡欒??璦?錛屼互杈懼埌鎻愰珮璇?璦?鍒嗘瀽鑳藉姏錛屾帴鍙楁儏鎰熺啅闄剁殑鐩?鐨勩?傛帉鎻″啓鏅?鐘剁墿鐨勪竴鑸?鏂規(guī)硶錛屽茍榪涜?岀墖孌墊弿鍐欍??
銆?銆?鈶㈡儏鎰熸?佸害涓庝環(huán)鍊艱?傜洰鏍囷細(xì)鍩瑰吇瀛︾敓鐑?鐖辯?栧浗娌沖北鐨勬劅鎯咃紝鍩瑰吇瀛︾敓鐨勫?＄編鑳藉姏銆?
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹂噸銆侀毦鐐癸細(xì)
銆?銆?浣撲細(xì)鎷熶漢銆佹瘮鍠葷瓑淇?杈炴柟娉曞湪鍐欐櫙涓?鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ??
銆?銆?鍙嶅?嶆湕璇伙紝鎰熺煡鍐呭?癸紝鎻ｆ懇璇嶈??錛屽搧鍛充紭緹庣殑璇?璦?銆?
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹁繃紼嬶細(xì)
銆?銆?絎?涓?璇炬椂
銆?銆?涓?銆佸垱璁炬儏鏅?錛屾縺鎯呭?煎叆銆?
銆?銆?褰撯?滃啲澶┾?濅竴璇嶈繘鍏ヤ綘鐨勮剳嫻鋒椂錛屼綘浼?xì)漶旂敓鍝簺鑱旀??(璇峰?︾敓鍚勬姃宸辮??)
銆?銆?鎴戜滑鐨勭渷浼?xì)?滄祹鍗椻?濈殑鍐?澶╂槸鎬庢牱鐨勫憿?璁╂垜浠?闅忕潃鑰佽垗鐨勩?婃祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┿?嬪幓棰嗙暐鈥滄祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┾?濄??
銆?銆?浜屻?佸垵璇昏?炬枃錛屾壂娓呴殰紕嶃??
銆?銆?1銆佺畝浠嬩綔鑰呫?佷綔鍝?
銆?銆?鑰佽垗錛岀幇浠ｄ綔瀹訛紝浜烘皯鑹烘湳瀹躲?傚師鍚嶈垝搴?jiǎn)鏄ュQ屽瓧鑸嶄簣錛屾弧鏃忎漢銆備唬琛ㄤ綔鏈夊皬璇淬?婇獑椹肩ゥ瀛愩?嬨?併?婂洓涓栧悓鍫傘?嬨?佽瘽鍓с?婇緳欏繪矡銆嬬瓑銆傛湰鏂囧啓浜?1931騫存槬銆?
銆?銆?2銆佽瘝璇?鏁欏?︼細(xì)璇昏儗鈥滆?諱竴璇匯?佸啓涓?鍐欌?濈粨鍚堣?炬枃杈ㄦ瀽瀛楀瀷瀛楁剰銆?
銆?銆?3銆佹?濊?冨茍鍒嗘瀽
銆?銆?(1)銆佹?℃。嫻庡崡鐨勫啲澶╂槸(?)(鎶婅嚜宸辮?諱簡(jiǎn)璇炬枃鍚庡?規(guī)祹鍗楀啲澶╃殑鍗拌薄濉?涓婂幓錛屽茍浠庢枃涓?鎵懼嚭鐩稿簲鐨勫唴瀹瑰姞浠ュ嵃璇併??)
銆?銆?(2)銆佷綔鑰呮?侀搮涔遍?氳繃鎻忓啓浠?涔堟潵琛ㄧ幇嫻庡崡鐨勭壒鐐??(鍐?澶╃殑灞憋紝鍐?澶╃殑姘?)
銆?銆?4銆佹湕璇昏?炬枃
銆?銆?瑕佹眰鐢ㄦ櫘閫氳瘽姝ｇ‘銆佹祦鍒┿?佹湁鎰熸儏鐨勬湕璇昏?炬枃
銆?銆?涓夈?佺粏璇昏?炬枃錛屾暣浣撴劅鐭ャ??
銆?銆?鍒濇?ヨ?佃?昏?炬枃銆傞槄璇繪椂榪涜?岃?炬枃鐨勬暣浣撴妸鎻★紝鎰熺煡璇炬枃鐨勪富瑕佸唴瀹癸紝鐞嗘竻浣滆?呮?濊礬錛屽彲鎬濊?冧互涓嬮棶棰橈細(xì)
銆?銆?鈥斺?旇?炬枃鍐欎簡(jiǎn)嫻庡崡鍐?澶╃殑鍝?浜涙櫙鐗??
銆?銆?鈥斺?旇繖浜涙櫙鐗╁悇鏈変綍鐗圭偣?嫻庡崡鍐?澶╃殑鎬諱綋鐗圭偣鏄?浠?涔??鍚勬?墊弿鍐欎箣闂存湁浣曞叧鑱??
銆?銆?鍏ㄧ彮闆嗕綋鐮旇??錛屽悇鎶掑繁瑙侊紝浜掔浉琛ュ厖錛屾槑紜?璇炬枃涓昏?佸唴瀹癸紝騫朵笖渚濈収璇炬枃鐨勮剦緇滐紝鐢ㄨ嚜宸辯殑璇?璦?澶嶈堪嫻庡崡鐨勫啲澶╃殑涓昏?佸唴瀹廣??
銆?銆?鍥涖?佺簿璇?(閫夎??)璇炬枃錛屾繁鍏ユ劅鎮(zhèn)燂紝閴磋祻鍒涙柊銆?
銆?銆?1銆佽嚜鐢辨湕璇伙紝鎬濊?冮棶棰橈細(xì)
銆?銆?a.涓轟粈涔堣?存祹鍗楁槸涓?鈥滃疂鍦扳???
銆?銆?b.嫻庡崡鏄?鏈夊北鏈夋按鐨勫湴鏂癸紝鏂囦腑鍐欎簡(jiǎn)鍝?涓夊箙灞辨櫙鍥撅紝鍐欐按鏄?浠庝粈涔堣?掑害鍐欑殑?
銆?銆?c.絎?1灝忚妭涓庣??2銆?4銆?5灝忚妭涔嬮棿鏈変粈涔堝叧緋??
銆?銆?d.鏂囦腑娓楅?忎綔鑰呭?規(guī)祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶╀粈涔堟牱鐨勬劅鎯??
銆?銆?e.鏍囬?樺彲鍚︽崲涓衡?滃啲澶╃殑嫻庡崡鈥??
銆?銆?(鍥涗漢灝忕粍璁ㄨ??)
銆?銆?[鏄庣‘](b.c.d.鐣?)
銆?銆?a.嫻庡崡鐨勫啲澶╂棤椋庡０銆佹棤閲嶉浘銆佹棤姣掓棩錛屽ぉ姘斺?滄俯鏅粹??;嫻庡崡澶╂槸鎱堝杽鐨勶紝鏈夌編涓界殑灞辨櫙;鍐?澶╂按涓嶇粨鍐幫紝姘存槸緇胯壊鐨勩?傚洓闈㈢幆灞憋紝鍍忓湪鈥滃皬鎽囩??閲屸?濄??
銆?銆?e.涓嶅彲浠ャ?傚洜涓衡?滄祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┾?濊〃鏄庢墍鍐欑殑鏄?嫻庡崡榪欎竴鐗瑰畾鍦板煙鐨勫啲澶?;鈥滃啲澶╃殑嫻庡崡鈥濈洰鐨勫湪浜庤禐緹庘?滃啲澶┾?濊繖涓?鐗瑰畾鏃朵護(hù)鐨勬祹鍗椼??
銆?銆?2銆佺爺璇葷??2鈥?5灝忚妭錛?
銆?銆?瀛︾敓榛樿?昏?炬枃鎬濊?冿細(xì)(鍥涗漢灝忕粍璁ㄨ??)
銆?銆?a.鏂囦腑鍐欎簡(jiǎn)涓夊箙灞辨櫙鍥撅紝榪樺啓浜?jiǎn)姘磋壴尲屽悇绐佸囖Z簡(jiǎn)浠?涔堢壒鐐??(鎶撳叧閿?璇嶆?傛嫭)
銆?銆?b.涓夊箙灞辨櫙鍥句箣闂存湁浠?涔堝叧緋??
銆?銆?c.鍥涘箙鏅?鐗╁浘浣犳渶鍠滄?㈠摢涓?騫咃紝涓轟粈涔??
銆?銆?(鍥涗漢灝忕粍璁ㄨ?哄悗鏄庣‘)
銆?銆?[鏄庣‘]
銆?銆?a.闃沖厜鏈楃収涓嬬殑灞扁?斺?旀俯闈?;钖勯洩瑕嗙洊涓嬬殑灞扁?斺?旂??姘?;鍩庡?栫殑榪滃北鈥斺?旀貳闆呫?傛按鑹測(cè)?斺?旂豢銆?
銆?銆?b.絎?涓?騫呭浘鏄?鎬誨啓錛岀??浜屻?佷笁騫呭浘鏄?鍏蜂綋鍐欍??
銆?銆?浜斻?佽?懼爞鎬葷粨銆?
銆?銆?璇懼爞灝忕粨錛氭枃绔犲厛涓庡寳騫熾?佷雞鏁︺?佺儹甯︿綔瀵規(guī)瘮錛岀獊鍑烘祹鍗楀ぉ姘斺?滄俯鏅粹?濈殑鎬葷壒鐐?;鐒跺悗鍏蜂綋鎻忕粯?gòu)箮鍗楃殑鍐ぉ鐗规湁鐨勬?鑷達(dá)紝鍐欏北鏅?鍐欎簡(jiǎn)闃沖厜鏈楃収涓嬬殑`灞便?佽杽闆?瑕嗙洊涓嬬殑灞便?佸煄澶栫殑榪滃北錛屽張緇樻按鑹詫紝澶勫?勬笚閫忓?規(guī)祹鍗楀啲澶╃殑鍠滅埍銆?
銆?銆?鍏?銆佸竷緗?浣滀笟銆?
銆?銆?鎺屾彙瀛楄瘝銆?
銆?銆?絎?浜岃?炬椂
銆?銆?涓?銆佸?嶄範(fàn)鏃ц?撅紝宸╁浐璇嶈??銆?
銆?銆?浜屻?佽川鐤戦棶闅撅紝鍚堜綔鎺㈢┒銆?
銆?銆?1銆侀噸鐐圭爺璇伙細(xì)钖勯洩瑕嗙洊涓嬬殑灞辨櫙鍥懼拰姘磋壊鍥撅紝鍝佸懗璇?璦?銆?
銆?銆?[闂?棰榏
銆?銆?a.絎?3灝忚妭鍜岀??5灝忚妭鍐欐櫙欏哄簭鏈変粈涔堜笉鍚屼箣澶??
銆?銆?b.絎?3灝忚妭鍜岀??5灝忚妭鍦ㄦ姃鍙戞劅鎯呭拰淇?杈炶繍鐢ㄦ柟闈㈡湁浠?涔堢浉鍚屼箣澶??
銆?銆?c.鎵懼嚭浣犺?や負(fù)鍐欏緱緹庣殑璇?鍙ワ紝鏈夋劅鎯呭湴璇諱竴璇伙紝鎯蟲(chóng)兂涓轟粈涔堝啓寰楀ソ?
銆?銆?(澶氬獟浣撴垨鎶曞獎(jiǎng)鏄劇ず闂?棰樼粍)
銆?銆?[鏄庣‘]
銆?銆?a.鍐欏北鏅?錛氳嚜涓婅?屼笅鐨勯『搴忥紝灞變笂銆佸北灝栥?佸北鍧°?佸北鑵扳?︹??
銆?銆?鍐欐按鑹詫細(xì)鑷?涓嬭?屼笂鐨勯『搴忥紝姘撮潰涓娿?佺┖涓?銆佸崐絀轟腑銆?
銆?銆?b.閮芥槸瀵瑰啲澶╃殑鍠滅埍銆佽禐緹庣殑鎰熸儏;閮借繍鐢ㄦ瘮鍠匯?佹嫙浜虹殑淇?杈炪??
銆?銆?c.姣斿柣銆佹嫙浜哄彞銆?(緹庡彞璧忔瀽錛岀潃閲嶅垎鏋愬姞鐐硅瘝鐨勮〃杈句綔鐢?)
銆?銆?(榪囨浮)嫻庡崡鐨勫啲澶╋紝鍦ㄨ?佽垗鐨勭瑪涓嬪?傛?ゅ▏濯?dú)鍔ㄤ汉锛屾?鍥犱負(fù)榪愮敤浜?jiǎn)澶ч噺姣斿枀R?佹嫙浜虹殑淇?杈炪?傛枃涓?榪樻湁鍝?浜涙瘮鍠匯?佹嫙浜哄彞鐢ㄥ緱濂斤紝鎵懼嚭鏉ワ紝璇磋?村ソ鍦ㄥ摢鍎??
銆?銆?[璁ㄨ?烘槑紜甝a.濂藉儚鏄?鎶婃祹鍗楁斁鍦ㄤ竴涓?灝忔憞綃?閲屻??
銆?銆?b.鍏ㄥ湪澶╁簳涓嬫檼鐫?澶?闃籌紝鏆栧拰銆佸畨閫傚湴鐫＄潃錛屽彧絳夋槬椋庢潵鎶婂畠浠?鍞ら啋銆侰銆佸北鍧′笂鍗х潃浜涘皬鏉戝簞錛屽皬鏉戝簞鐨勬埧欏朵笂鍗х潃鐐歸洩銆?
銆?銆?2銆佷綋浼?xì)鏈枃浼樉煄鐨勮?璦?錛屽垎鏋愬叾涓?鐨勭簿濡欎箣澶勶紝瀛︿範(fàn)璇?璦?鍒嗘瀽鐨勪竴鑸?鏂規(guī)硶銆傚?︾敓閫氳繃鑷?涓匯?佸悎浣溿?佹帰絀剁殑鏂規(guī)硶浠旂粏鎻ｆ懇錛屽敖閲忚兘鍙ｅご琛ㄨ揪錛屾暀甯堜粠鏃佺偣鎷ㄣ?佽ˉ鍏呫??
銆?銆?鈥斺?斾綘鍠滄?㈡枃涓?鍝?浜涗紭緹庣殑璇?鍙??涓轟粈涔堝枩嬈??鐢ㄧ畝媧佺殑璇?璦?鏉ュ垎鏋愩??
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀枃涓?榪愮敤浜?jiǎn)鍝簺淇緸鎵嬫??璇曞垎鏋愬叾浣滅敤銆傚茍妯′豢涓句緥銆?
銆?銆?鈥斺?斾綘璁や負(fù)濂界殑璇?璦?搴斿綋鍏峰?囧摢浜涚壒鐐??搴斿綋濡備綍鍝佷綅璇?璦?鐨勭簿濡欎箣澶??鍦ㄦ枃瀛楄〃杈句笂搴旀敞鎰忎簺浠?涔??
銆?銆?涓夈?佷綋楠屽弽鎬濄??
銆?銆?[鎻愰棶]涓轟粈涔堟祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶╃殑鏅?鑹蹭細(xì)濡傛?ゅ姩浜??
銆?銆?[鏄庣‘]a.緇嗚嚧瑙傚療b.鎶撲綇鐗瑰緛c.瀹夋帓欏哄簭(瑙掑害)d.榪愮敤淇?杈瀍.鎯呮櫙浜よ瀺
銆?銆?鍥涖?佹瘮杈冮槄璇伙紝鎷撳睍寤朵幾銆?
銆?銆?鈶犳兂涓?鎯籌紝涓轟粈涔堜綔鑰呰兘鎻忕粯鍑?guó)櫩欎箞绮惧僵鐨勭敾闈㈠Q屼負(fù)浠?涔堣??璦?鑳藉?傛?や紭緹??浣撲細(xì)鍦ㄥ啓娉曚笂涓庡?﹁繃鐨勮?炬枃銆婃槬銆嬫湁浠?涔堢浉鍚屼箣澶??
銆?銆?鏄庣‘錛氶兘鑳芥姄浣忕壒寰?;瀹夋帓欏哄簭(瑙掑害);榪愮敤姣斿柣銆佹嫙浜虹瓑淇?杈烇紝閲囩敤鎯呮櫙浜よ瀺鐨勫啓娉曪紝鑹插僵緇氫附銆傘?婃槬銆嬭繕?shù)粠?氱?嶆劅瀹樿?掑害鏉ユ弿鍐欍??
銆?銆?鍐欏ソ鏂囩珷錛屽繀欏諱粩緇嗚?傚療錛岃?ょ湡鎬濊?冿紝緇忚繃鍐呭績(jī)鎰熷彈鎻ｆ懇鎵嶈兘鎴愭枃銆傝繖涓ょ瘒鏂囩珷浣滆?呴兘鍐欏嚭浜?jiǎn)鑷忿q殑鐪熷垏鎰熷彈錛岀敋鑷寵??澶栫晫鏅?鑹叉劅鍔ㄤ簡(jiǎn)錛屼粠鑰屽啓鍑轟簡(jiǎn)鐪熸儏錛岄偅浜涙瘮鍠匯?佹嫙浜烘墠閭ｄ箞媧葷伒媧葷幇錛屽瘜鏈夌伒鎬э紝鎵嶈兘杈懼埌紲炰技銆?
銆?銆?鈶″亣濡備綘鏄?涓?浣嶅?兼父錛屽啲瀛ｅ甫棰嗘父瀹㈡潵嫻庡崡錛岃拷闅忚?佽垗鐨勮凍榪癸紝璇蜂綘璁捐?′竴涓嬪?兼父璇嶃??
銆?銆?浜斻?佽?懼爞鎬葷粨銆?
銆?銆?閫氳繃瀛︿範(fàn)鏈?鏂囷紝鎴戜滑搴旇?ユ兂鍒幫細(xì)鍦ㄧ敓媧諱腑鍙?鏈夎?ょ湡瑙傚療浜嬬墿錛屼綔鏂囨椂鎵嶈兘鍐欏嚭浜嬬墿鐨勨?滃艦鈥?;鐪熸?ｇ敤蹇?jī)鍘绘彛鎽╁Q屾墠鑳藉彂鐜板拰鍐欏嚭浜嬬墿鐨勨?滅伒鎬р??;鐪熸?ｅ姩浜?jiǎn)鎰熸儏锛屾墠鑳戒娇浣犳弿鍐欑殑浜嬬墿?滅湡鎸氭劅浜衡?濄?傚鉤鏃ラ噷錛屾垜浠?瑕佸仛鐢熸椿鐨勬湁蹇?jī)錆h錛屽叧娉ㄧ敓媧伙紝鍏蟲(chóng)敞鍛ㄥ洿鐨勪簨鐗╋紝澶氭兂澶氳?幫紝浠ヤ赴瀵屾垜浠?鐨勭敓媧葷Н绱?錛屼負(fù)鍐欏ソ鏂囩珷鎵撲笅鐗㈠浐鐨勫熀紜?銆?
銆?銆?鍏?銆佸竷緗?浣滀笟銆?
銆?銆?1銆佸啓浣滅粌涔?fàn)锛?xì)鍊熼壌璇炬枃鐨勫啓娉曪紝鐢ㄤ綘鐨勭瑪鎻忕粯?shù)?鍓?鈥滄牎鍥?縐嬫櫙鍥鋸?濄??
銆?銆?2銆佽?蜂綘浠旂粏瑙傚療浣犲?朵埂鍐?澶╃殑鏅?鐗╋紝鍊炬敞浣犲?瑰?朵埂鏃犻檺鐑?鐖變箣鎯咃紝鍊熼壌璇炬枃涓?鐨勬煇浜涘啓娉曪紝灝嗘渶鏈夌壒鐐圭殑鏅?鐗╁啓鍑烘潵錛岃嚜鎷熼?樼洰錛屽瓧鏁頒笉闄愩??
銆愮瘒涓夈?戦儴緙栫増涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鏂囩??2璇俱?婃祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶┿?嬫暀妗?2
銆?銆?鏁欏?︾洰鏍囷細(xì)
銆?銆?1銆佸?︿範(fàn)鐢熷瓧鍜屾柊璇嶃??
銆?銆?2銆佸?︿範(fàn)鏂囦腑鎶撲綇鐗瑰緛鎻忓啓鏅?鐗╃殑鏂規(guī)硶錛屽?︿範(fàn)鍏蜂綋媧誨姩鐨勬弿鍐欐妧鑳姐??
銆?銆?3銆佸弽澶嶆湕璇昏?炬枃錛屽搧鍛蟲(chóng)櫙涓?鐪熸儏銆?
銆?銆?4銆佸煿鍏誨?︾敓瀵瑰ぇ鑷?鐒剁粏鑷磋?傚療鐨勬?佸害錛屽煿鍏誨?︾敓鐨勫?＄編鎯呰叮銆?
銆?銆?璇炬椂瀹夋帓錛?1璇炬椂
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹁繃紼嬶細(xì)
銆?銆?涓?銆佸?︿範(fàn)鏂囧?﹀父璇嗗強(qiáng)鐢熷瓧鏂拌瘝
銆?銆?浣滆?呰?佽垗錛?1899-1966錛夛紝鍘熷悕鑸掑簡(jiǎn)鏄ワ紝瀛楄垗浜堬紝鍖椾含浜猴紝婊℃棌錛屼綔瀹躲?備富瑕佷綔鍝佹湁灝忚?淬?婇獑椹肩ゥ瀛愩?嬨?婂洓涓栧悓鍫傘?嬶紝璇濆墽銆婅尪棣嗐?嬨?婇緳欏繪矡銆嬬瓑銆傛湰鏂囨槸浣滆?呭湪榻愰瞾澶у?︿換鏁欐椂鍐欑殑銆?
銆?銆?鑰佸笀鎸囧?煎悓瀛︿滑鐪嬬??6欏電殑鎻掑浘銆?
銆?銆?鐢熷瓧鏂拌瘝12涓?錛岃?婚煶鍜岄粯鍐欓兘瑕佹?ｇ‘銆傞暥鍗曞崟瀹夐?傜潃钀芥厛鍠勮倢鑲ょ??姘斿?芥暈璐?钃勬緞娓呯┖鐏靛湴姣?
銆?銆?浜屻?佹暣浣撴劅鐭ヨ?炬枃
銆?銆?1銆佽?蜂竴鍚嶅?︾敓鏈楄?昏?炬枃銆傝?峰?︾敓鐐硅瘎璇炬枃鏈楄?繪儏鍐點(diǎn)??
銆?銆?2銆佹妸鎻″叏鏂囩粨鏋勩??
銆?銆?鏂囩珷鍏辨湁鍑犳?碉紝姣忔?典富瑕佸啓浜?jiǎn)浠€涔堬紵
銆?銆?鏂囩珷鐨勭??涓?孌靛啓浜?jiǎn)浠€涔??
銆?銆?鈥斺?斿啓浜?jiǎn)娴庡崡鍐ぉ鐨勭壒鐐瑰Q氭俯鏅?
銆?銆?浣滆?呮槸鐢ㄤ粈涔堟墜娉曞啓鍑?guó)櫩欎?鐗圭偣鐨??
銆?銆?鈥斺?斾綔鑰呯敤瀵規(guī)瘮鎵嬫硶鍐欑殑銆傜敤鍖楀鉤瀵規(guī)瘮嫻庡崡錛岀獊鍑烘棤椋庡０鐨勭壒鐐癸紱鐢ㄤ雞鏁﹀?規(guī)瘮嫻庡崡錛岀獊鍑哄搷鐫涚殑鐗圭偣錛涚敤鐑?甯﹀?規(guī)瘮嫻庡崡錛岀獊鍑烘棤姣掓棩錛屾俯鍜岀殑鐗圭偣銆?
銆?銆?鎺ヤ笅鏉ヤ綔鑰呮槸鎶撲綇鍝?浜涙櫙鐗╂弿鍐欐祹鍗楀啲澶╃殑?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀祹鍗楃殑灞卞拰嫻庡崡鐨勬按銆?
銆?銆?浣滆?呭啓浜?jiǎn)鍝簺鎯呭?涓嬬殑灞憋紝鍒嗗埆鍏鋒湁浠?涔堢壒鐐瑰憿?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旈槼鍏夋湕鐓т笅鐨勫北錛屾俯鏆栥?佽垝閫傜殑鐗圭偣錛涜杽闆?瑕嗙洊涓嬬殑灞憋紝澶?縐?姘旂殑鐗圭偣錛涘煄澶栬繙灞憋紝灝忔按澧ㄧ敾鐨勭壒鐐廣??
銆?銆?嫻庡崡鐨勬按鏈夊摢浜涚壒鐐癸紵
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀俯錛岀豢錛屾竻
銆?銆?3銆佺粨鍚堣?炬枃緇撴瀯鍒嗘瀽鏈?鏂囩殑鍐欐櫙欏哄簭
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀墸浣忔祹鍗楀啲澶┾?滄俯鏅粹?濈殑鐗圭偣錛岀敱閲屽線澶栵紝鐢卞北鍒版按鎻忓啓鏅?鐗┿?備綔鑰呬互鑷?宸辯殑鎰熷彈錛岄?氳繃嫻庡崡鍜屽寳騫熾?佷雞鏁︺?佺儹甯︾殑瀵規(guī)瘮錛岀獊鍑烘祹鍗楀啲澶╂俯鏅寸殑鐗圭偣銆傜劧鍚庣揣鎵ｂ?滄俯鏅粹?濇弿鍐欎簡(jiǎn)嫻庡崡鍐?澶╃殑鍏ㄦ櫙錛屾祹鍗楀啲澶╃殑灞憋紝嫻庡崡鍐?澶╃殑姘淬?傚湪鍐欏北鏅?鏃訛紝鍏堝啓鏈楃収涓嬬殑灞憋紝鍐嶅啓钖勯洩瑕嗙洊涓嬬殑灞憋紝鏈?鍚庡啓鍩庡?栬繙灞便?傚湪瀵瑰北姘寸殑鎻忓啓涓?鍏呭垎浣撶幇浜?jiǎn)?滄俯鏅粹?濈殑鐗圭偣銆?
銆?銆?涓夈?佸悎浣滄帰絀?
銆?銆?1銆佸搧鍛充笅鍒楄??鍙ワ紝浣撲細(xì)鍙ヤ腑鎷熶漢鎵嬫硶鐨勮〃杈炬晥鏋溿??
銆?銆?錛?1錛変竴涓?鑰佸煄錛屾湁灞辨湁姘達(dá)紝鍏ㄥ湪钃濆ぉ涓嬪緢鏆栧拰瀹夐?傚湴鐫＄潃錛屽彧絳夋槬椋庢潵鎶婁粬浠?鍞ら啋錛岃繖鏄?涓嶆槸涓?鐞嗘兂鐨勫?冪晫錛?
銆?銆?錛?2錛夎繖涓?鍦堝皬灞卞湪鍐?澶╃壒鍒?鍙?鐖憋紝濂藉儚鏄?鎶婃祹鍗楁斁鍦ㄤ竴涓?灝忔憞綃?閲岋紝浠栦滑鍏ㄥ畨闈?rùn)涓嶅姩鍦颁綆澹板湴?達(dá)細(xì)鈥滀綘浠?鏀懼績(jī)鍚э紝榪欏効鍑嗕繚鏆栧拰銆傗??
銆?銆?錛?3錛夌瓑鍒板揩鏃ヨ惤鐨勬椂鍊欙紝寰?榛勭殑闃沖厜鏂滃皠鍦ㄥ北鑵頒笂錛岄偅鐐瑰効钖勯洩濂藉儚蹇界劧瀹充簡(jiǎn)緹烇紝寰?寰?闇插嚭鐐瑰効綺夎壊銆?
銆?銆?鎶曞獎(jiǎng)灞曠ず嫻庡崡鍐?澶╁北姘寸殑鍥劇墖錛屽紩瀵煎?︾敓杈圭湅鍥撅紝杈圭湅浠ヤ笂涓変釜鍙ュ瓙閲屾嫙浜烘墜娉曠殑榪愮敤銆?
銆?銆?2銆佹牴鎹?浣犵殑鐞嗚В錛屾爣鍑?guó)?炬枃絎?3孌電殑閲嶉煶鍜屽仠榪烇紝騫跺皾璇曟湕璇昏繖涓?孌點(diǎn)??
銆?銆?灝忓北/鎶婃暣涓?嫻庡崡/鍥翠簡(jiǎn)涓?鍦堝効錛屽彧鏈夊寳杈圭己鐫?鐐瑰効鍙ｅ効銆傝繖涓?鍦堝皬灞?/鍦ㄥ啲澶╃壒鍒?鍙?鐖憋紝濂藉儚鏄?鎶婃祹鍗?/鏀懼湪涓?涓?鎽囩??閲岋紝浠栦滑鍏ㄥ畨闈?rùn)涓嶅姩鍦颁綆澹拌_(dá)細(xì)鈥滀綘浠?鏀懼績(jī)鍚э紝榪欏効鍑嗕繚鏆栧拰銆傗?濈湡鐨勶紝嫻庡崡鐨勪漢浠?/鍦ㄥ啲澶?/鏄?闈?涓婂惈絎戠殑銆備粬浠?涓?鐪嬮偅浜涘皬灞憋紝蹇?jī)涓?渚胯?夊緱鏈変簡(jiǎn)鐫?钀斤紝鏈変簡(jiǎn)渚濋潬銆備粬浠?/鐢卞ぉ涓?/鐪嬪埌灞變笂錛屼究/涓嶈?夊湴鎯寵搗錛氣?滄槑澶?/涔熻?稿氨鏄?鏄ュぉ浜?jiǎn)鍚уQ熻繖鏍風(fēng)殑/娓╂殩錛屼粖澶╁?滈噷/灞辮崏/涔熻?稿氨緇胯搗鏉ヤ簡(jiǎn)鍚э紵鈥濆氨鏄?榪欑偣鍎垮夠鎯充笉鑳戒竴鏃跺疄鐜幫紝浠栦滑涔熷茍涓嶇潃鎬ワ紝鍥犱負(fù)鏈夎繖鏍鋒厛鍠勭殑/鍐?澶╋紝騫插暐榪樺笇鏈涘埆鐨勫憿錛?
銆?銆?3銆佹湕璇葷??浜旀?碉紝璇誨悗鐪嬬??7欏典笂鐨勬彃鍥俱?傛暣浣撶湅榪欏箙鍥撅紝榪戝?勬湁浠?涔堬紵榪滃?勬湁浠?涔堬紵
銆?銆?鍥涖?佸皬緇?
銆?銆?鏈?鏂囨姄浣忔祹鍗楀啲澶╂俯鏅寸殑澶╂皵鐗圭偣錛屾弿緇樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)涓?騫呭箙嫻庡崡鐗規(guī)湁鐨勫姩浜虹殑鍐?鏅?鍥撅紝鎶掑彂浜?jiǎn)浣滆€呮繁娣辯殑鍠滅埍鐨勮禐緹庝箣鎯呫?傝??璦?浼樼編鐢熷姩錛屽噯紜?浼犵?炪??
銆?銆?浜斻?佷綔涓?
銆?銆?鍊熼壌璇炬枃鐨勬煇浜涘啓娉曪紝灝變綘瀹朵埂鍐?澶╃殑椋庢櫙鍐欎竴涓?鐗囨?點(diǎn)?傛敞鎰忔姄浣忕壒鐐規(guī)潵鍐欙紝涓嶅皯浜?200瀛椼??
鍐欎簡(jiǎn)嫻庡崡鐨勫啲澶╂槸涓?瀹濆湴錛屾湁鐫?娓╂儏鐨勭壒鐐廣?傜劧鍚庡洿緇曠潃娓╂儏鐨勭壒鐐癸紝鍐欎簡(jiǎn)鍐?澶╃殑姘磋壊
銆?銆?銆婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬫槸褰撲唬浣滃?跺彶閾佺敓鐨勪竴綃囨??蹇墊瘝浜茬殑鏁ｆ枃銆備綔鑰呯敤鍏嬪埗鐨勮??璦?錛屽洖蹇嗕簡(jiǎn)姣嶄翰鍦ㄨ嚜宸辯槴鐥?鏃剁殑鍑犱歡灝忎簨錛岄噸鐐硅拷蹇嗭紝姣嶄翰瑕佸甫鈥滄垜鈥濆幓鍖楁搗鐪嬭姳榪欎歡浜嬶紝鍊捐瘔浠栧皯涓嶆洿浜嬬殑榪芥?zhèn)斿Q屽?規(guī)瘝浜叉繁娌夌殑鐖卞拰鎯沖康銆備笅闈㈠氨鏄?鎴戜負(fù)澶у?舵⒊鐞嗗綊綰崇殑鍐呭?癸紝甯屾湜鑳藉?熷府鍔╁埌澶у?躲??
銆? 銆?涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鏂囩??浜岃?劇?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇?
銆? 銆?涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鏂囥?婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬭?炬枃鍘熸枃
銆?銆?鍙岃吙鐦?鐥?鍚庯紝鎴戠殑鑴炬皵鍙樺緱鏆存?掓棤甯搞?傛湜鐫?鏈涚潃澶╀笂鍖楀綊鐨勯泚闃碉紝鎴戜細(xì)紿佺劧鎶婇潰鍓嶇殑鐜葷拑鐮哥??;鍚?鐫?鍚?鐫?鏉庤胺涓?鐢滅編鐨勬瓕澹幫紝鎴戜細(xì)鐚涘湴鎶婃墜杈圭殑涓滆タ鎽斿悜鍥涘懆鐨勫?欏?併?傛瘝浜插氨鎮(zhèn)勬?zhèn)勫湴韬插嚭鍘诲Q屽湪鎴戠湅涓嶈?佺殑鍦版柟鍋峰伔鍦板惉鐫?鎴戠殑鍔ㄩ潤(rùn)銆傚綋涓?鍒囨仮澶嶆矇瀵傦紝濂瑰張鎮(zhèn)勬?zhèn)勫湴杩涙潵锛岀溒D竟綰㈢孩鐨勶紝鐪嬬潃鎴戙?傗?滃惉璇村寳嫻風(fēng)殑鑺卞効閮藉紑浜?jiǎn)锛屾垜鎺ㄧ?浣犲幓璧拌蛋銆傗?濆ス鎬繪槸榪欎箞璇淬?傛瘝浜插枩嬈㈣姳錛屽彲鑷?浠庢垜鐨勮吙鐦?鐥?浠ュ悗錛屽ス渚嶅紕鐨勯偅浜涜姳閮芥?諱簡(jiǎn)銆傗?滀笉錛屾垜涓嶅幓!鈥濇垜鐙犲懡鍦版嵍鎵撹繖涓ゆ潯鍙?鎭ㄧ殑鑵匡紝鍠婄潃錛屸?滄垜鍙?媧諱粈涔堝姴鍎?!鈥濇瘝浜叉墤榪囨潵鎶撲綇鎴戠殑鎵嬶紝蹇嶄綇鍝?澹拌?達(dá)細(xì)鈥滃挶濞樺効淇╁湪涓?鍧楀効錛屽ソ濂藉効媧伙紝濂藉ソ鍎挎椿鈥︹?︹??
銆?銆?鍙?鎴戝嵈涓?鐩撮兘涓嶇煡閬擄紝濂圭殑鐥呭凡緇忓埌浜?jiǎn)閭ｆ鐢板湴?傚悗鏉ュ?瑰?瑰憡璇夋垜錛屽ス甯稿父鑲濈柤寰楁暣瀹挎暣瀹跨炕鏉ヨ?嗗幓鍦扮潯涓嶄簡(jiǎn)瑙夈??
銆?銆?閭ｅぉ鎴戝張鐙?鑷?鍧愬湪灞嬮噷錛岀湅鐫?紿楀?栫殑鏍?wèi)鍙垛€滃敯鍞板暒鍟︹?濆湴椋樿惤銆傛瘝浜茶繘鏉ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屾尅鍦ㄧ獥鍓嶏細(xì)鈥滃寳嫻風(fēng)殑鑿?qiáng)鑺卞?浜?jiǎn)锛屾垜鎺ㄧ?浣犲幓鐪嬬湅鍚с?傗?濆ス鎲旀?zhèn)寸殑鑴镐笂鐜板嚭澶眰鑸殑?炶壊銆傗?滀粈涔堟椂鍊??鈥濃?滀綘瑕佹槸鎰挎剰錛屽氨鏄庡ぉ?鈥濆ス璇淬?傛垜鐨勫洖絳斿凡緇忚?╁ス鍠滃嚭鏈涘?栦簡(jiǎn)銆傗?滃ソ鍚э紝灝辨槑澶┿?傗?濇垜璇淬?傚ス楂樺叴寰椾竴浼?xì)鍧愪笅锛屼?浼?xì)绔欒跌P細(xì)鈥滈偅灝辮刀绱у噯澶囧噯澶囥?傗?濃?滃搸鍛?錛岀儲(chǔ)涓嶇儲(chǔ)?鍑犳?ヨ礬錛屾湁浠?涔堝ソ鍑嗗?囩殑!鈥濆ス涔熺瑧浜?jiǎn)锛屽潗鍦ㄦ垜桧n杈癸紝緄?緄?鍙ㄥ彣鍦拌?寸潃錛氣?滅湅瀹岃強(qiáng)鑺憋紝鍜變滑灝卞幓鈥樹(shù)豢鑶斥?欙紝浣犲皬鏃跺?欐渶鐖卞悆閭ｅ効鐨勮睂璞嗛粍鍎褲?傝繕璁板緱閭ｅ洖鎴戝甫浣犲幓鍖楁搗鍚??浣犲亸璇撮偅鏉ㄦ爲(wèi)鑺辨槸姣涙瘺铏?錛岃窇鐫?錛屼竴鑴氳俯鎵佷竴涓?鈥︹?︹?濆ス蹇界劧涓嶈?翠簡(jiǎn)銆傚?逛簬鈥滆窇鈥濆拰鈥滆俯鈥濅竴綾葷殑瀛楃溂錛屽ス姣旀垜榪樻晱鎰熴?傚ス鍙堟?zhèn)勬?zhèn)勫湴鍑哄幓浜?jiǎn)??
銆?銆?濂瑰嚭鍘諱簡(jiǎn)錛屽氨鍐嶄篃娌″洖鏉ャ??
銆?銆?閭誨眳浠?鎶婂ス鎶?涓婅濺鏃訛紝濂硅繕鍦ㄥぇ鍙ｅぇ鍙ｅ湴鍚愮潃椴滆??銆傛垜娌℃兂鍒板ス宸茬粡鐥呮垚閭ｆ牱銆傜湅鐫?涓夎疆杞﹁繙鍘伙紝涔熺粷娌℃湁鎯沖埌閭ｇ珶鏄?姘歌繙鐨勮瘈鍒?銆?
銆?銆?閭誨眳鐨勫皬浼欏瓙鑳岀潃鎴戝幓鐪嬪ス鐨勬椂鍊欙紝濂規(guī)?ｈ壈闅懼湴鍛煎惛鐫?錛屽儚濂歸偅涓?鐢熻壈闅劇殑鐢熸椿銆傚埆浜哄憡璇夋垜錛屽ス鏄忚糠鍓嶇殑鏈?鍚庝竴鍙ヨ瘽鏄?錛氣?滄垜閭ｄ釜鏈夌梾鐨勫効瀛愬拰鎴戦偅涓?榪樻湭鎴愬勾鐨勫コ鍎庫(kù)?︹?︹??
銆?銆?鍙堟槸縐嬪ぉ錛屽?瑰?規(guī)帹鐫?鎴戝幓鍖楁搗鐪嬩簡(jiǎn)鑿?qiáng)鑺辨瘯鏋濄€傞粍鑹茬殑鑺辨貳闆咃紝鐧借壊鐨勮姳楂樻磥錛岀傳綰㈣壊鐨勮姳鐑?鐑堣?屾繁娌夛紝娉兼臣媧掓磼錛岀?嬮?庝腑姝ｅ紑寰楃儌婕?銆傛垜鎳傚緱姣嶄翰娌℃湁璇村畬鐨勮瘽銆傚?瑰?逛篃鎳傘?傛垜淇╁湪涓?鍧楀効錛岃?佸ソ濂藉効媧燴?︹??
銆? 銆?涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鎵嬩豢鏁忔枃銆婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬫暀妗?
銆?銆?鏁欏?︾洰鏍?
銆?銆?1銆佷簡(jiǎn)瑙ｅ?熸櫙鎶掓儏鐨勫啓浣滄墜娉曘??
銆?銆?2銆佸弽澶嶆湕璇伙紝鎶撲綇浜虹墿鐨勫姩浣溿?佺?炴?併?佽??璦?絳夋弿鍐欎綋浼?xì)錆h鐗╁艦璞°??
銆?銆?3銆侀?嗘?zhèn)熸枃绔犺暣娑电殑娣辨矇鏃牽U佺殑姣嶇埍錛岃仈緋葷敓媧誨疄闄咃紝嬋?鍙戝?︾敓鐨勬劅鎭╂儏鎬?銆?
銆?銆?璇存槑錛?
銆?銆?榪欐槸涓?綃囬ケ鍚?娣辨儏鐨勬??蹇墊瘝浜茬殑鏁ｆ枃錛屼綔鑰呴?氳繃鍥炲繂鑷?宸辯槴鐥?鏃訛紝鎬?鐫?鍗氬ぇ鏃犵?佷箣鐖辯殑姣嶄翰鏄?鎬庢牱鍦扮棝蹇?jī)涓庡繊桀i璐熼噸鍦扮収欏捐嚜宸憋紝鏉ヨ〃杈懼?規(guī)瘝浜茬殑娣辨繁鎰х枤鍜屾??蹇典箣鎯呫?傚彶閾佺敓絎斾笅瀵逛翰鎯呯殑鍥炲繂涓庢劅鎮(zhèn)燂紝璁╀漢鎰熻?変翰鍒囪?屾剰鍛蟲(chóng)繁闀褲?傚?逛簬涓冨勾綰у?︾敓鏉ヨ?達(dá)紝鐞嗚В鏈?鏂囩殑涓婚?樺茍涓嶉毦錛屼絾鏄?濡備綍浣垮?︾敓鐨勫唴蹇?jī)鐪熸鍙楀埌闇囨掻|紝浠庤?屾縺鍙戞劅鎭╂儏鎬?鍛??濡備綍寮曞?煎?︾敓鐪熸?ｈ蛋榪涗綔鑰呯殑鍐呭績(jī)涓栫晫鍛??鍩轟簬浠ヤ笂闂?棰樼殑鎬濊?冿紝鍦ㄦ暀瀛︿腑錛屽簲浠ュ弽澶嶆湕璇諱負(fù)鍩烘湰绔嬭凍鐐癸紝鎶撲綇鍏抽敭璇嶅彞錛屽紩瀵煎?︾敓璇誨嚭鎰熸?zhèn)熴€佽?誨嚭浣撲細(xì)錛岃繘涓?姝ヨ仈緋葷敓媧誨疄闄咃紝鍞よ搗瀛︾敓鐪熷垏鐨勬儏鎰熶綋楠屻??
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹂噸鐐逛笌闅劇偣
銆?銆?1銆侀噸鐐癸細(xì)娣卞叆鏂囨湰錛屽湀鍒掋?佹湕璇匯?佸搧鍛蟲(chóng)枃涓?鎻忓啓姣嶄翰鐨勫姩浣溿?佺?炴?併?佽??璦?絳夎??鍙ワ紝棰嗘?zhèn)熸枃涓暣娑电殑娣辨矇鏃牽U佺殑姣嶇埍銆?
銆?銆?2銆侀毦鐐癸細(xì)浠旂粏鏈楄?諱綋澶ч晣浼?xì)?炬枃鏈?鍚庝竴涓?鑷?鐒舵?碉紝浜?jiǎn)瑙ｄ綔?呮槸濡備綍鍊熸櫙鎶掓儏鐨勩??
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹁繃紼?
銆?銆?涓?銆佸?煎叆璇炬枃
銆?銆?縐嬪ぉ鏄?榪蜂漢鐨勶紝澶╅珮?shù)簯尜E錛屽ぇ闆佸崡褰掞紝鏋?鍙朵技鐏?錛岀?曟灉绱?绱?錛岀?嬪ぉ鐨勭編鍒?鍏蜂竴鏍鹼紝縐嬪ぉ鐨勭編瀹炲疄鍦ㄥ湪錛岀?嬪ぉ鐨勮?稿?氫簨鐗╅兘浼?xì)寮曡典h垜浠?鏃犻檺鐨勯亹鎯籌紝涔熶細(xì)璁╂垜浠?浜х敓鏌愮?嶆??蹇電殑鎯呯華銆?
銆?銆?浣滃?跺彶閾佺敓灝卞湪縐嬪ぉ閲屼駭鐢熶簡(jiǎn)鎬?蹇典箣鎯咃紝璁╂垜浠?涓?璧鋒潵嬈ｈ祻璇炬枃銆婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬨??(鏉夸功璇鵑??)
銆?銆?瑙ｉ?橈細(xì)鐢辯?嬪ぉ鐨?鏁呬簨寮曞彂鐨勫?規(guī)瘝浜茬殑鎬?蹇點(diǎn)?傗?斺?斻?婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)??
銆?銆?浜屻?佹劅鐭ヨ?炬枃
銆?銆?1銆佸惉紺鴻寖鏈楄??
銆?銆?2銆佸惉瀹屾湕璇伙紝浣犺?夊緱鏂囦腑鐨勨?滄垜鈥濇槸涓?涓?鎬庢牱鑴炬皵鐨勪漢?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀?ф儏鏆磋簛銆佽劸姘旀毚鎬?
銆?銆?3銆佷粠鏂囦腑鍝?浜涜??鍙ワ紝鍙?浠ユ劅鍙楀埌鎴戠殑鏆磋簛?
銆?銆?鈥斺??(絎?涓?孌?)
銆?銆?甯堬細(xì)鏈涚潃鏈涚潃鍖楀綊鐨勯泚闃碉紝浠栦細(xì)鈥斺??
銆?銆?鐢燂細(xì)鎶婄溂鍓嶇殑鐜葷拑鐮哥??;
銆?銆?甯堬細(xì)鍚?鐫?鍚?鐫?鏉庤胺涓?鐢滅編鐨勬瓕澹幫紝浠栦細(xì)鈥斺??
銆?銆?鐢燂細(xì)鐚涘湴鎶婁笢瑗挎憯鍚戝墠闈㈢殑澧欏??
銆?銆?甯堬細(xì)榪樻湁鍛?錛屽?堝?堣?佷粬鍘誨寳嫻風(fēng)湅鑿?qiáng)鑺卞Q屼粬鍠婄潃鈥斺??
銆?銆?鐢燂細(xì)涓嶏紝鎴戜笉鍘伙紝鎴戞椿鐫?鏈変粈涔堝姴!
銆?銆?4銆佷負(fù)浠?涔堬紝浠栫殑鑴炬皵浼?xì)杩欎箞鏆错w??
銆?銆?鈥斺?斿弻鑵跨槴鐥?銆傛槸鍟婏紝鍘熸潵鐢熼緳媧昏檸錛岀幇鍦ㄧ獊鐒跺潗鍦ㄨ疆妞呬笂錛岃嚜鐒朵細(xì)鑴炬皵鏆磋簛銆?
銆?銆?涓夈?佹繁鍏ュ垎鏋?
銆?銆?1銆侀潰瀵硅繖鏍風(fēng)殑鍎垮瓙錛屼粬鐨勬瘝浜插張鏄?鎬庢牱鍋氱殑鍛??
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀?zhèn)勬?zhèn)勫湴韜插嚭鍘伙紝鍦ㄦ垜鐪嬩笉瑙佺殑鍦版柟鍋峰伔鍦板惉鎴戠殑鍔ㄩ潤(rùn)
銆?銆?鈥斺?斿張鎮(zhèn)勬?zhèn)勫湴杩涙潵锛岀溒D竟綰㈢孩鐨勶紝鐪嬬潃鎴?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀墤榪囨潵鎶撲綇鎴戠殑鎵嬶紝蹇嶄綇鍝?澹拌??
銆?銆?鈥斺?斿挶濞樺効淇╁湪涓?鍧楀効錛屽ソ濂藉効媧伙紝濂藉ソ鍎挎椿鈥︹??
銆?銆?鈥滄?zhèn)勬?zhèn)勫湴鈥濃?斺?斿?瑰効瀛愮殑鐞嗚В銆佷綋璐?
銆?銆?鈥滃伔鍋峰湴鈥濃?斺?斿?瑰効瀛愮殑鐗墊寕銆佸叧鍒?
銆?銆?鈥滄墤榪囨潵蹇嶄綇鍝?鈥濃?斺?斿潥寮恒?佸潥闊?
銆?銆?鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濃?斺?斿己蹇嶇潃鐥涜嫤錛屽姖鍎垮瓙瑕佸潥寮?
銆?銆?鈥滄姄浣忔垜鐨勬墜鈥濃?斺?旀墽鐫?
銆?銆?2銆佸搧璇葷??浜屾?碉紝姣嶄翰鍙堟槸鎬庢牱瀵瑰緟鍎垮瓙銆佽〃杈懼?瑰効瀛愮殑鐖??
銆?銆?鈥滄尅鍦ㄧ獥鍓嶁?濃?斺?旀?曞効瀛愯Е鏅?鐢熸儏
銆?銆?鈥滀竴浼?xì)鍧愪笅锛屼?浼?xì)绔欒捣?濃?斺?斾負(fù)鍎垮瓙鎰挎剰鐪嬭姳鑰屼駭鐢熺殑闅句互鎶戝埗鐨勫枩鎮(zhèn)︿箣鎯?
銆?銆?鈥滃ぎ姹傝埇鐨勭?炶壊鈥濃?斺?旀瘝浜茬殑鎵х潃
銆?銆?鈥滃?逛簬鈥滆窇鈥濆拰鈥滆俯鈥濅竴綾葷殑瀛楃溂鍎匡紝濂規(guī)瘮鎴戣繕鏁忔劅鈥濃?斺?旂粏蹇?jī)?佷綋璐?
銆?銆?3銆佹瘝浜叉?ゆ椂錛岃嚜宸辯殑鎯呭喌鏄?鎬庢牱鐨??
銆?銆?鈥斺?旇韓鎮(zhèn)ｇ粷鐥囧効瀛愮槴鐥?
銆?銆?銆愭嫇灞曢槄璇匯?戯細(xì)鈥滈偅鏃跺ス鐨勫効瀛愯繕澶?騫磋交錛岃繕鏉ヤ笉鍙?qiáng)湄?fù)姣嶄翰鐫?鎯籌紝浠栬??鍛借繍鍑?yán)L槒浜?jiǎn)澶村Q屼竴蹇?jī)浠ヤ给檱繁鏄笘涓婃?涓嶅垢鐨勪竴涓?錛屼笉鐭ラ亾鍎垮瓙鐨勪笉騫稿湪姣嶄翰閭ｅ効鎬繪槸鍔犲?嶇殑銆傚ス鏈変竴涓?闀垮埌浜屽崄宀佷笂蹇界劧鎴?鐦?浜?jiǎn)鐨勫効瀛愬Q岃繖鏄?濂圭殑鍎垮瓙;濂規(guī)儏鎰挎埅鐦?鐨勬槸濂硅嚜宸辮?屼笉鏄?鍎垮瓙錛屽彲浜嬪疄鏃犳硶浠ｆ浛;濂規(guī)兂錛屽彧瑕佸効瀛愯兘媧諱笅鍘伙紝鍝?鎬曡嚜宸卞幓姝諱篃琛屽憿錛屽彲濂瑰張紜?淇★紝涓?涓?浜轟笉鑳戒粎浠呮槸媧葷潃錛屽効瀛愬緱鏈変竴鏉¤礬璧板悜鑷?宸辯殑騫哥?忥紝鑰岃繖鏉¤礬鍛?錛屾病鏈夎皝鑳戒繚璇佸ス鐨勫効瀛愮粓浜庢壘鍒扳?斺?斺?斺?旇繖鏍蜂竴涓?姣嶄翰錛屾敞瀹氭槸媧誨緱鏈?鑻︾殑姣嶄翰銆傗??
銆?銆?4銆佲?滄繁鍙楄嫤妤氣?濈殑姣嶄翰錛氭湁娌℃湁紿佺劧鎶婇潰鍓嶇殑鐜葷拑鐮哥???鏈夋病鏈夌寷鍦版妸鎵嬭竟鐨勪笢瑗挎憯鍚戝洓鍛ㄧ殑澧欏???鏈夋病鏈夊ぇ澹板懠鍠婃垜媧葷潃浠?涔堝姴?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旇嚜宸卞仛鍧氬己鐨勬瘝浜茶?╁効瀛愭垚涓哄潥寮虹殑鍎垮瓙
銆?銆?5銆佲?滃張鏄?縐嬪ぉ錛屽?瑰?規(guī)帹鎴戝幓鍖楁搗鐪嬩簡(jiǎn)鑿?qiáng)鑺便€傗?濇湕璇繪弿鍐欒強(qiáng)鑺辯殑鍙ュ瓙錛屾壘鍑哄艦瀹硅強(qiáng)鑺辯殑鍝佽川鐨勮瘝璇?錛?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旈粍鑹茬殑鑺辨貳闆呫?佺櫧鑹茬殑鑺遍珮?gòu)z併?佺傳綰㈣壊鐨勮姳鐑?鐑堣?屾繁娌夛紝娉兼臣媧掓磼錛岀?嬮?庝腑姝ｅ紑寰楃儌婕?銆?
銆?銆?娣￠泤楂樻磥鈥斺?旀瘝浜茬殑鍐欑収
銆?銆?鐑?鐑堣?屾繁娌夆?斺?旀瘝鐖辯殑鍐欑収
銆?銆?6銆佹枃涓?澶氭?℃彁鍒拌強(qiáng)鑺憋紝鏈変綍鐢ㄦ剰?
銆?銆??鈥斺?旀瘝浜插甫鎴戠湅鑺憋紝鏄?瀵圭敓鍛界殑鐑?鐖?
銆?銆??鈥斺?旇強(qiáng)鑺辯殑娣￠泤楂樻磥錛屾槸姣嶄翰鍝佽川鐨勫啓鐓?
銆?銆??鈥斺?旇強(qiáng)鑺辯儹鐑堟繁娌夛紝鏄?姣嶇埍鐨勫啓鐓?
銆?銆??鈥斺?旀瘝浜茬埍鑺憋紝鎴戠湅鑿?qiáng)鑺辨?瀵規(guī)瘝浜茬殑緙呮??
銆?銆?銆愬綊綰?鎬葷粨銆戯細(xì)璇炬枃璁茶堪浜?jiǎn)涓€浣嶉噸鐥呯紶韜?鐨勬瘝浜詫紝浣撹創(chuàng)鍏ュ井鍦扮収欏懼弻鑵跨槴鐥?鐨勫効瀛愶紝榧撳姳鍎垮瓙濂藉ソ媧諱笅鍘葷殑鏁呬簨錛屾瓕棰備簡(jiǎn)浼熷ぇ鑰屾棤縐佺殑姣嶇埍銆?
銆?銆?銆愭嫇灞曢槄璇諱竴銆戯細(xì)鈥滄垜鍧愬湪灝忓叕鍥?瀹夐潤(rùn)鐨勬爲(wèi)鏋楅噷錛岄棴涓婄溂鐫涳紝鎯籌紝涓婂笣涓轟粈涔堟棭鏃╁湴鍙?姣嶄翰鍥炲幓鍛??寰堜箙寰堜箙錛岃糠榪風(fēng)硦緋婄殑鎴戝惉瑙佷簡(jiǎn)鍥炵瓟錛氣?滃ス蹇?jī)閲屽?鑻︿簡(jiǎn)錛屼笂甯濈湅濂瑰彈涓嶄綇浜?jiǎn)锛尀鍙ス鍥炲巺R?傗?濇垜浼間箮寰椾簡(jiǎn)涓?鐐瑰畨鎱幫紝鐫佸紑鐪肩潧錛岀湅瑙侀?庢?ｄ粠鏍?wèi)鏋楅噷绌繕q囥?傗?濃?斺?斻?婂悎嬈㈡爲(wèi)銆?
銆?銆?銆愭嫇灞曢槄璇諱簩銆戯細(xì)鈥滄垜涓?鐩存湁涓?涓?鍑勮嫤鐨勬ⅵ鈥︹?﹀湪姊︿腑錛屾垜緇濇湜寰楀摥鍠婏紝蹇?jī)閲屾€ㄥス錛氣?滄垜鐞嗚В浣犵殑澶辨湜錛屾垜鐞嗚В浣犵殑紱誨紑錛屼絾浣犳?昏?佹崕涓?淇″効鏉ュ憖錛屼綘涓嶇煡閬撴垜浠?浼?xì)鐗垫寕浣犲Q屼笉鐭ラ亾鎴戜滑鏄?澶氫箞鎯沖康浣犲悧?鈥濅絾灝辮繛榪欐牱鐨勮瘽涔熸棤浠庤?寸粰濂瑰惉錛屽彧鐭ラ亾濂瑰湪寰堣繙鐨勫湴鏂癸紝騫朵笉鐭ラ亾濂瑰湪鍝?鍎褲?傝繖涓?姊︿竴鍐嶅湴璧拌繘鎴戠殑榛戝?滐紝椹變箣涓嶅幓銆傗?濃?斺?斻?婃湁鍏沖簷鐨勫洖蹇嗐??
銆?銆?銆愭嫇灞曢槄璇諱笁銆戯細(xì)鈥滄憞鐫?杞?妞呭湪鍥?涓?鎱㈡參璧幫紝鍙堟槸闆劇僵鐨勬竻鏅?錛屽張鏄?楠?jiǎng)闃抽珮鎮(zhèn)殑鐧芥橕|紝鎴戝彧鎯崇潃涓?浠朵簨錛氭瘝浜插凡緇忎笉鍦ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆傚湪鑰佹煆鏍?wèi)鏃佸仠涓嬪Q屽湪鑽夊湴涓婂湪棰撳?欒竟鍋滀笅錛屽張鏄?澶勫?勮櫕楦ｇ殑鍗堝悗錛屽張鏄?楦熷効褰掑發(fā)鐨勫倣鏅氾紝鎴戝績(jī)閲屽彧榛樺康鐫?涓?鍙ヨ瘽錛氬彲鏄?姣嶄翰宸茬粡涓嶅湪浜?jiǎn)?傛妸妞呰儗鏀懼?掞紝韜轟笅錛屼技鐫￠潪鐫℃尐鍒版棩娌★紝鍧愯搗鏉ワ紝蹇?jī)?炴亶鎯氾紝鍛嗗憜鍦扮洿鍧愬埌鍙ょキ鍧涗笂钀芥弧榛戞殫鐒跺悗鍐嶆笎娓愭誕璧鋒湀鍏夛紝蹇?jī)閲屾墠鏈夌傄?guī)槑鐧斤紝姣嶄翰涓嶈兘鍐嶆潵榪欏洯涓?鎵炬垜浜?jiǎn)?傗?濃?斺?斻?婃垜涓庡湴鍧涖??
銆?銆?璇炬枃棰樼洰鐨勫唴娑碉細(xì)
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀??蹇墊瘝浜插?瑰効瀛愬崥澶ф棤縐佺殑鐖?
銆?銆?鈥斺?旀??蹇墊瘝浜插潥闊х殑鎬ф牸
銆?銆?鈥斺?斾互鍕囨暍闈㈠?逛漢鐢熺殑鍐沖績(jī)錛屽憡鎱版瘝浜插湪澶╀箣鐏點(diǎn)??
銆?銆?鍥涖?佽?懼悗緇冧範(fàn)
銆?銆?1銆佹枃绔犳渶鍚庤嚜鐒舵?墊儏鏅?浜よ瀺錛屽?熸櫙鎶掓儏錛屽?︿範(fàn)榪欑?嶅啓浣滄墜娉曪紝璇曠潃鍐欎竴孌墊櫙鐗╂弿鍐欎互鎶掑彂鏌愮?嶆儏鎰熴??
銆?銆?2銆佸啓涓?孌電粰姣嶄翰鐨勮瘽錛岃〃杈捐嚜宸卞?規(guī)瘝鐖辯殑娣卞埢鐞嗚В銆?
銆? 銆?涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岃??鏂囥?婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬫暀妗?
銆?銆?涓?銆佹暀鏉愬垎鏋愶細(xì)
銆?銆?銆婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬫槸閮ㄧ紪鏁欐潗鏂頒漢鏁欑増涓冨勾綰т笂鍐岀??浜屽崟鍏冪殑絎?涓?綃囪?炬枃銆傛湰鍗曞厓鎵?閫夌殑鏂囩珷浠ヤ翰鎯呬負(fù)涓婚?橈紝浠ヤ笉鍚岀殑鐢熸椿涓鴻儗鏅?錛屾姃鍙戜簡(jiǎn)鍚屾牱鎰熶漢鑷蟲(chóng)繁鐨勪翰鎯呫?傚?︿範(fàn)鏈?鍗曞厓鍙?浠ヤ赴瀵屽?︾敓鐨勬儏鎰熶綋楠岋紝寰楀埌澶氭柟闈㈢殑鏁欑泭銆?
銆?銆?浣滀負(fù)鍙欎簨鎬ф暎鏂囦綔鍝侊紝銆婅??鏂囨柊璇劇▼鏍囧噯銆嬭?佹眰錛氬湪鐔熻?昏?炬枃鐨勫熀紜?涓婏紝鑳藉?熺悊娓呮?濊礬錛岀悊瑙ｄ富瑕佸唴瀹癸紝浣撳懗鍜屾帹鏁查噸瑕佽瘝鍙ュ湪璇?璦?鐜?澧冧腑鐨勬剰涔夊拰浣滅敤銆傚?硅?炬枃鐨勫唴瀹瑰拰琛ㄨ揪鏈夎嚜宸辯殑蹇?jī)寰楀Q岃兘鎻愬嚭鑷?宸辯殑鐪嬫硶鍜岀枒闂?錛屽茍鑳借繍鐢ㄥ悎浣滅殑鏂瑰紡錛屽叡鍚屾帰璁ㄧ枒闅鵑棶棰樸?傝?佹湁鑷?宸辯殑鎯呮劅浣撻獙錛屽垵姝ラ?嗘?zhèn)熶綔鍝佺殑鍐呮兜锛屼粠涓幏寰楀鑷劧?佺ぞ浼?xì)?佷漢鐢熺殑鏈夌泭鍚?紺恒??
銆?銆?銆婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬮?夎嚜銆婂彶閾佺敓浣滃搧闆嗐?嬶紝榪欐槸涓?綃囬ケ鍚?娣辨儏鐨勬??蹇墊瘝浜茬殑鏁ｆ枃錛屼綔鑰呴?氳繃鍥炲繂鑷?宸辯槴鐥?鏃訛紝韜?鎮(zhèn)ｇ粷鐥囩殑姣嶄翰蹇嶅彈鐫?鐥呬綋鍜岀簿紲炰笂鐨勫法澶х棝鑻︼紝綺懼績(jī)鍛墊姢浠栥?佺収欏句粬鐨勪簨鎯咃紝姝岄?備簡(jiǎn)浼熷ぇ鑰屾棤縐佺殑姣嶇埍錛岃〃杈句簡(jiǎn)瀵規(guī)瘝浜茬殑鎬?蹇典箣鎯呫??
銆?銆?浜屻?佸?︽儏鍒嗘瀽錛?
銆?銆?榪欒妭璇劇殑鏁欏?﹀?硅薄鏄?鍒氬崌鍏ュ垵涓?鐨勪竷騫寸駭瀛︾敓錛岃繖涓?騫撮緞闃舵?電殑瀛︾敓鎬濈淮媧昏穬錛屼箰浜庢帰絀訛紝灝ゅ叾鏄?瀵規(guī)柊浜嬬墿鐨勫ソ濂囧績(jī)姣旇緝閲嶏紝浠栦滑涔愪簬鍙戣█錛岃?懼爞涓婅兘涓庤?佸笀淇濇寔鑹?濂界殑浜掑姩錛屼笌鍚屽?︾Н鏋佸悎浣溿?佸叡鍚屽?︿範(fàn)銆備絾鏄?涔熷瓨鍦ㄦ儏緇?涓嶇ǔ銆佹誕韜佺瓑闂?棰樸?傞壌浜庝粬浠?鐨勭敓媧?緇忛獙鎵?闄愶紝瀵逛簬鐗規(guī)畩澧冮亣涓嬪?備綍浣撲細(xì)娣辨矇鏃犵?佺殑姣嶇埍浼?xì)鏈夋?鍥伴毦銆傚彲鑳戒細(xì)閬囧埌錛氱悊瑙ｉ棶棰樸?佸垎鏋愰棶棰樹(shù)笉澶熸繁鍒伙紝璇?璦?琛ㄨ揪涓嶅?熷噯紜?絳夐棶棰樸?傝繖閮介渶瑕佹暀甯堜粠涓嶅悓灞傞潰緇欎簣鍚堥?傜殑寮曞?箋??
銆?銆?涓夈?佹暀瀛︾洰鏍囥?侀噸鐐歸毦鐐?
銆?銆?鏍規(guī)嵁璇?鏂囨柊璇劇▼鏍囧噯鐨勮?佹眰錛岀粨鍚堟湰璇懼湪鏁欐潗涓?鎵?澶勭殑鍦頒綅錛屽強(qiáng)涓冨勾綰у?︾敓鐨勫勾榫勭壒鐐廣?佸凡鏈夌煡璇嗗強(qiáng)瀛樺湪鐨勯棶棰橈紝鎴戠‘瀹氫簡(jiǎn)涓嬪垪鏁欏?︾洰鏍囧強(qiáng)閲嶇偣闅劇偣錛?
銆?銆?鐭ヨ瘑涓庤兘鍔涳細(xì)
銆?銆?鏈夋劅鎯呯殑鏈楄?昏?炬枃錛岀悊瑙ｆ枃绔犲唴瀹癸紝鎶婃彙鏂囩珷涓繪棬銆?
銆?銆?榪囩▼涓?鏂規(guī)硶錛?
銆?銆?閫氳繃姣嶄翰鐨勨?滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濓紝鍒嗘瀽姣嶄翰鐨勫艦璞★紝鐞嗚В姣嶇埍鐨勫唴娑點(diǎn)??
銆?銆?鎯呮劅銆佹?佸害涓庝環(huán)鍊艱?傦細(xì)
銆?銆?鐢辨垜鏄?鎬庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑錛岃仈緋誨?︾敓鐢熸椿浣撻獙錛屽紩鍙戞垜浠?搴旇?ユ?庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑鎬濊?冦??
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹂噸鐐癸細(xì)
銆?銆?閫氳繃瀵規(guī)瘝浜茬殑璇?璦?紲炴?佺瓑鎻忓啓鐨勫搧鍛籌紝鍒嗘瀽姣嶄翰鐨勫艦璞★紝鐞嗚В姣嶇埍鐨勫唴娑點(diǎn)??
銆?銆?鏁欏?﹂毦鐐癸細(xì)
銆?銆?鐢辨垜鏄?鎬庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑錛岃仈緋誨?︾敓鐢熸椿浣撻獙錛屽紩鍙戞垜浠?搴旇?ユ?庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑鎬濊?冦??
銆?銆?鍥涖?佹暀娉曞?︽硶
銆?銆?(涓?)鏁欐硶鐨勮繍鐢?錛氭牴鎹?鏂囩珷鍐呭?瑰拰瀛︾敓鐨勭壒鐐癸紝鎴戜富瑕侀噰鐢ㄤ互涓嬪洓縐嶆柟娉曡繘琛屾暀瀛︼紝浠ヨ揪鍒版暀瀛︾洰鏍囥?佺獊鍑洪噸鐐廣?佺獊鐮撮毦鐐癸細(xì)
銆?銆?1銆侀槄璇繪劅鐭ユ硶錛氶伒寰?闃呰?葷殑鏁翠綋鎬у師鍒欙紝寮曞?煎?︾敓鍙嶅?嶉槄璇繪枃鏈?錛屾暣浣撴劅鐭ユ枃绔犲唴瀹癸紝鎶婃彙浣滆?呯殑鎯呮劅錛屽煿鍏誨?︾敓鐨勯槄璇昏兘鍔涖??
銆?銆?2銆侀棶棰樺紩瀵兼硶錛氱敤闂?棰樼殑鏂瑰紡寮曞?煎?︾敓璇繪枃鏈?錛屽紩鍙戝?︾敓鎺㈢┒鐨勫叴瓚ｃ??
銆?銆?3銆佸惎鍙戝紡鏁欏?︼細(xì)浠ュ惎鍙戙?佺偣鎷ㄧ殑鏂瑰紡錛屽紩瀵煎?︾敓縐?鏋佸弬涓庤?懼爞瀛︿範(fàn)銆傚悓鏃跺埄鐢ㄥ皬緇勫悎浣滐紝淇?jī)杩涚敓鐢熼棿?佸笀鐢熼棿鐨勪簰鍔ㄣ??
銆?銆?(浜?)瀛︽硶鐨勬笚閫忥細(xì)鏁欐槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)涓嶆暀錛屾湰鑺傝?句富瑕佷粠浠ヤ笅涓変釜鏂歸潰娓楅?忓?︽硶銆?
銆?銆?1銆佸搧璇勮祻鏋愭硶錛氬?︿範(fàn)榪囩▼涓?錛屽?規(guī)枃涓?綺懼僵鐨勮??鍙ャ?佹?佃惤榪涜?屽搧璇勩?佽祻鏋愩?佺Н绱?銆?
銆?銆?2銆佽?ㄨ?轟氦嫻佹硶錛氶?氳繃闂?棰樼殑寮曞?鹼紝璁╁?︾敓璁ㄨ?轟氦嫻侊紝鍩瑰吇瀛︾敓鐨勮??璦?鎰熺煡鑳藉姏銆佽??璦?琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏錛屼綋鐜板?︾敓鐨勪富浣撳湴浣嶏紝淇?jī)鋴慑鐢熶刚d姩鑾峰彇鐭ヨ瘑銆?
銆?銆?3銆佸皬緇勫悎浣滄硶錛氶殢鐫?鑷?涓匯?佸悎浣溿?佹帰絀舵垚涓?璇?鏂囧?︿範(fàn)鐨勬柊鏂瑰紡錛屽皬緇勫悎浣滃?︿範(fàn)鎴愪負(fù)浜?jiǎn)涓€縐嶆柊鐨勫?︿範(fàn)緇勭粐褰㈠紡銆傞?氳繃灝忕粍鍚堜綔錛屽?︾敓鑳藉?熶氦嫻佸?︿範(fàn)浣撲細(xì)錛屽叡鍚屽畬鎴愬?︿範(fàn)浠誨姟銆?
銆?銆?浜斻?佹暀瀛﹁?捐??
銆?銆?鍦ㄥ?規(guī)暀鏉愬拰瀛︾敓鍒嗘瀽鐨勫熀紜?涓婏紝渚濇嵁鈥滀互瀛︾敓涓轟富浣擄紝浠ユ暀甯堜負(fù)涓誨?尖?濈殑鍩烘湰鍘熷垯錛屾湰鑺傝?句富瑕佽?捐?′簡(jiǎn)浠ヤ笅鍏?涓?鏁欏?︾幆鑺傦細(xì)
銆?銆?(涓?)鎯呭?冨?煎叆錛屾縺鍙戝叴瓚?
銆?銆?閰嶄箰鏈楄?點(diǎn)?婃垜涓庡湴鍧涖?嬬墖孌碉紝寮曞?煎?︾敓浣撲細(xì)鍎垮瓙瀵規(guī)瘝浜茬殑鐖憋紝榪涘叆涓婚?橈紝榪欑瘒涔﹀啓鐫?姣嶄翰瀵瑰効瀛愮埍鐨勩?婄?嬪ぉ鐨勬??蹇點(diǎn)?嬨?傚憟鐜扮墖孌碉細(xì)
銆?銆?閭ｆ椂鐨勬垜錛屼綔涓哄ス鐨勫効瀛愶紝榪樺お騫磋交錛岃繕鏉ヤ笉鍙?qiáng)湄?fù)姣嶄翰鐫?鎯籌紝鎴戣??鍛借繍鍑?yán)L槒浜?jiǎn)澶村Q屼竴蹇?jī)浠ヤ给檱繁鏄笘涓婃?涓嶅垢鐨勪竴涓?錛屼笉鐭ラ亾鍎垮瓙鐨勪笉騫稿湪姣嶄翰閭ｅ効鎬繪槸瑕佸姞鍊嶇殑銆傚ス鏈変竴涓?闀垮埌浜屽崄宀佷笂蹇界劧鎴?鐦?浜?jiǎn)鐨勫効瀛愬Q岃繖鏄?濂圭殑鍎垮瓙;濂規(guī)儏鎰挎埅鐦?鐨勬槸鑷?宸辮?屼笉鏄?鍎垮瓙錛屽彲榪欎簨鏃犳硶浠ｆ浛;濂規(guī)兂錛屽彧瑕佸効瀛愯兘媧諱笅鍘誨摢鎬曡嚜宸卞幓姝誨憿涔熻?岋紝鍙?濂瑰張紜?淇′竴涓?浜轟笉鑳戒粎浠呮槸媧葷潃錛屽効瀛愬緱鏈変竴鏉¤礬璧板悜鑷?宸辯殑騫哥??;鑰岃繖鏉¤礬鍛?錛屾病鏈夎皝鑳戒繚璇佸ス鐨勫効瀛愮粓浜庤兘鎵懼埌鈥斺?旇?岃繖鏍風(fēng)殑姣嶄翰錛屾敞瀹氭槸涓栫晫涓婃椿寰楁渶鑻︾殑姣嶄翰銆?
銆?銆?璁捐?℃剰鍥撅細(xì)鑱旂郴鏈?鍗曞厓鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鍞よ搗瀛︾敓鏇炬湁鐨勬儏鎰熶綋楠岋紝閫氳繃鏈楄?伙紝涓轟笅鏂囩殑瀛︿範(fàn)鍒涜?炬儏澧冿紝嬋?鍙戝?︾敓鐨勫?︿範(fàn)鍏磋叮錛屽仛濂芥儏鎰熼摵鍨?銆?
銆?銆?(浜?)閫熻?昏?炬枃錛屾暣浣撴劅鐭?
銆?銆?瀛︾敓鍦?璇懼墠棰勪範(fàn)鐨勫墠鎻愪笅闃呰?繪枃绔狅紝絳涢?変俊鎭?錛屾暣浣撴妸鎻℃枃绔犲唴瀹廣??
銆?銆?鏈?鐜?鑺傝?捐?＄殑涓昏?侀棶棰樻槸錛?
銆?銆?1銆佷綔鑰呭湪縐嬪ぉ鎬?蹇電殑鏄?璋??
銆?銆?2銆佷負(fù)浠?涔堜細(xì)鍦ㄧ?嬪ぉ鎬?蹇??
銆?銆?瑕佹眰錛氳竟璇昏竟鍦ㄦ枃涓?鍒掑嚭鐩稿叧鐨勮??孌碉紝浜?jiǎn)瑙ｆ枃绔犵殑鎯呰妭??
銆?銆?璁捐?℃剰鍥撅細(xì)瀛︾敓鍦ㄩ棶棰樼殑寮曞?間笅錛岃嚜涓婚槄璇伙紝涓誨姩瀛︿範(fàn)錛屽仛鍒扳?滃厛瀛﹀悗鏁欍?佷互瀛﹀畾鏁欍?傗?濆悓鏃跺湪鑷?涓誨?︿範(fàn)鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛屽煿鍏誨?︾敓鎼滈泦鏁寸悊淇℃伅鐨勮兘鍔涖?佹?傛嫭鏂囩珷鍐呭?圭殑鑳藉姏銆佺畝媧佸噯紜?琛ㄨ揪鐨勮兘鍔涖??
銆?銆?(涓?)鍝佽?昏?炬枃錛屽垎鏋愬艦璞?
銆?銆?閫氳繃鐔熻?匯?佸搧璇繪枃绔狅紝鐞嗚В鏂囩珷鎵?钑村惈鐨勬儏鎰燂紝浠ユ繁鍏ョ悊瑙ｆ枃绔狅紝瑙ｈ?諱漢鐗┿??
銆?銆?鏈?鐜?鑺傝?捐?＄殑涓昏?侀棶棰樻槸錛?
銆?銆?1銆佹瘝浜叉槸鎬庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑錛屽垎鏋愭瘝浜茬殑褰㈣薄銆?
銆?銆?2銆佹瘝浜叉槸鎬庢牱鏁欏?兼垜瑕佲?滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑錛岀悊瑙ｆ瘝鐖辯殑鍐呮兜銆?
銆?銆?瑕佹眰錛氬搧璇昏?炬枃錛屾壘鍑烘枃涓?鎻忓啓姣嶄翰鍔ㄤ綔錛岃??璦?鍜岀?炴?佺殑璇嶅彞錛岀敤涓嶅悓鐨勭?﹀彿鏍囧嚭錛屽茍鍦堝嚭閲嶇偣璇嶏紝浠旂粏鍝佸懗姣嶄翰鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑鍚?涔夛紝鐒跺悗灝忕粍涓?璧蜂氦嫻佸?︿範(fàn)鎴愭灉銆?
銆?銆?璁捐?℃剰鍥撅細(xì)閫氳繃瀛︾敓鐔熻?匯?佸搧璇繪枃绔狅紝浣撲細(xì)浣滆?呯殑鎯呮劅錛屾暀甯堣ˉ鍏呰儗鏅?錛屽?炶繘瀛︾敓瀵瑰啓浣滆儗鏅?鐨勪簡(jiǎn)瑙ｏ紝榪涜?岃?ㄨ?轟氦嫻併?佸垎鏋愰壌璧忔枃涓?姣嶄翰鐨勫艦璞★紝姣嶇埍鐨勫唴娑碉紝澧炲己瀛︾敓璇?璦?鐨勬劅鎮(zhèn)熻兘鍔涳紝浠ヨ揪鍒版繁鍏ョ悊瑙ｆ枃绔犵殑鐩?鐨勩?傚湪姝ゅ熀紜?涓婏紝榪涗竴姝ョН绱?浜虹墿褰㈣薄鐨勫?戦?犳柟娉曞拰鍒嗘瀽鏂規(guī)硶錛屾劅鎮(zhèn)熷崥澶ф繁娌夌殑姣嶇埍錛岀獊鍑烘暀瀛︾殑閲嶇偣闂?棰樸??
銆?銆?(鍥?)鍐嶈?昏?炬枃錛屽紩鍙戞?濊??
銆?銆?鍦ㄥ垎鏋愬畬浜虹墿褰㈣薄鐨勫熀紜?涓婏紝鏁欏笀琛ュ厖鏂囩珷鐨勫啓浣滆儗鏅?鐭ヨ瘑錛岃?╁?︾敓鍐嶈?繪枃绔狅紝鍔犳繁瀛︾敓鐨勬儏鎰熶綋楠岋紝榪涜?屽紩鍙戞?濊?冦??
銆?銆?鏈?鐜?鑺傝?捐?＄殑涓昏?侀棶棰樻槸錛?
銆?銆?1銆佹垜鏄?鎬庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑?
銆?銆?2銆佹垜浠?搴旇?ユ?庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴???
銆?銆?瑕佹眰錛氬湪鏂囦腑鎵懼嚭鐩稿叧璇?鍙ャ?佹?佃惤錛屽甫鐫?鎰熸儏璇佃?伙紝鎬濊?冦??
銆?銆?璁捐?℃剰鍥撅細(xì)璁╁?︾敓鍦ㄦ湕璇諱腑鍔犳繁鐞嗚В鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑鍚?涔夛紝鎶婃彙鏂囦腑鈥滄垜鈥濇槸鎬庢牱鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濈殑?鍒╃敤灝忕粍鍚堜綔鐨勬柟寮忥紝緇撳悎瀛︾敓鑷?韜?鐨勭敓媧諱綋楠岋紝鎬濊?冨綋涓嬫垜浠?搴旇?ユ?庢牱鍋氬埌鈥滃ソ濂藉効媧燴?濓紝浠庤?岀獊鐮存暀瀛︾殑闅劇偣闂?棰樸??
銆?銆?(浜?)閲嶈?昏?炬枃錛岀煡璇嗘嫇灞?
銆?銆?閫氳繃瀛︾敓鍐嶈?繪枃绔狅紝浜?jiǎn)瑙ｆ枃绔犲湪鍙櫂q版柟寮忎笂鐨勭壒鐐癸紝浠庤?屾嫇灞曠煡璇嗐??
銆?銆?鏈?鐜?鑺傝?捐?＄殑闂?棰樻槸錛?
銆?銆?1銆佷簡(jiǎn)瑙ｅ彊榪版柟娉曗?斺?斺?滄彃鍙欌??
銆?銆?2銆佹枃涓?鎻掑彊鐨勫唴瀹瑰拰浣滅敤
銆?銆?瑕佹眰錛氭湕璇昏?炬枃錛屼粠鏂囦腑鎵懼嚭鎻掑彊鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鎬濊?冨叾浣滅敤銆?
銆?銆?璁捐?℃剰鍥撅細(xì)璁╁?︾敓浜?jiǎn)瑙ｅ彊浜嬫€ф暎鏂囧父鐢ㄧ殑鍙欒堪鏂瑰紡錛屾嫇灞曞?︾敓鐨勭煡璇嗛潰錛屽湪鏃ュ父鍐欎綔涓?鎺屾彙鎻掑彊榪欑?嶆柟娉曟妧宸с??
銆?銆?(鍏?)甯冪疆浣滀笟錛岃?誨啓緇撳悎
銆?銆?1銆侀槄璇誨彶閾佺敓鐨勫悕綃囥?婃垜涓庡湴鍧涖?嬨??
銆?銆?2銆佸?︿簡(jiǎn)榪欑瘒鏂囩珷錛屼綘瀵規(guī)瘝鐖辨湁浠?涔堟柊鐨勮?よ瘑?鑱旂郴鑷?宸辯殑鐢熸椿瀹為檯錛岃皥璋堜綘瀵規(guī)瘝鐖辯殑鐞嗚В銆?(200瀛楀乏鍙?)
銆?銆?鍏?銆佹澘涔﹁?捐??
銆?銆?涓轟簡(jiǎn)杈懼埌紿佸嚭鏁欏?﹂噸鐐癸紝浣挎暀瀛﹀唴瀹規(guī)潯鐞嗗寲銆佺洿瑙傚寲錛屼究浜庡?︾敓鎺屾彙鏂囩珷鐨勬暣浣撳唴瀹廣??
鑰佽垗绱х揣鎶撲綇嫻庡崡鍐?澶┾?滄俯鏅粹?濊繖涓?鐗圭偣錛屾弿榪板嚭涓?騫呭箙嫻庡崡鐗規(guī)湁鐨勫姩浜虹殑鍐?鏅?銆?
閫氳繃瀵規(guī)祹鍗楀啲澶╁満鏅?鐨勬弿榪幫紝鍏呭垎浣撶幇浜?jiǎn)浣滆€呭?規(guī)祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶╃殑鍠滅埍涔嬫儏錛屽?規(guī)祹鍗楄繖搴у煄甯?jìng)鐨勭?鐖變箣鎯咃紝浠ユ?煎瓩鍙?qiáng)浣滆€呯儹鐖卞ぇ鑷?鐒?dòng)灱岀?鐖辯敓媧伙紝鐑?鐖辯敓鍛界殑鐢熸椿鎯呮搷銆?
鎵╁睍璧勬枡
鍒涗綔鑳屾櫙
鑰佽垗1930騫村墠鍚庢潵鍒板北涓滐紝鍏堝悗鍦ㄦ祹鍗楅綈椴佸ぇ瀛﹀拰闈掑矝灞變笢澶у?︿換鏁?7騫翠箣涔咃紝瀵瑰北涓滀駭鐢熶簡(jiǎn)娣卞帤鐨勬劅鎯咃紝灞變笢琚?縐頒負(fù)浠栫殑鈥滅??浜屾晠涔♀?濄?傛嵁鑰佽垗澶?浜鴻儭緄滈潚鍥炲繂銆?
鑰佽垗鐢熷墠鈥滃父甯告??蹇電殑鏄?浠庡?氬悗鍒板?存敼鍧︽姉鎴樼垎鍙戯紝鍦ㄥ北涓滃害榪囩殑閭ｅ嚑騫粹?濄?傝?ユ枃鏄?鑰佽垗1931騫存槬澶╁湪嫻庡崡榻愰瞾澶у?︿換鏁欐椂鍐欐垚鐨勩?傚師涓轟竴緋誨垪鐩存帴鎻忓啓嫻庡崡椋庢櫙鍚嶈儨鐨勯暱綃囨暎鏂囥?婁竴浜涘嵃璞°?嬩腑鐨勭??浜旇妭錛屽彂琛ㄥ湪銆婇綈澶ф湀鍒娿?嬫?т竴鍗風(fēng)??鍏?鏈燂紙1931騫?4鏈堝嚭鐗堬級(jí)銆?
浣滆?呭?氱敤娓╂儏鐨勬剰璞℃潵鎻忕粯?gòu)箮鍗楀?澶╂俯鏅翠箣鏅?錛岃惀閫犲嚭涓?縐嶆俯濠夌殑鏁翠綋鎬ц??鎰熴?傝??璦?灞傞潰鍐欑殑鏄?嫻庡崡鐨勨?滄俯鏅粹?濓紝鎵?瑕佹檶妗愯〃杈劇殑鏄?嫻庡崡鍐?澶╃殑娓╂儏 錛氣?滄俯鏅粹?濇槸鎵?瑙佺殑澶栬薄 錛屾槸鍊熶互琛ㄧ幇蹇?jī)璞＄殑??浣撳拰濯掍粙 錛涒?滄俯鎯呪?濇槸蹇?jī)璞?錛堝績(jī)鐏墊劅鍙楋級(jí)錛屽畠钑存兜鐨勬槸浣滃?剁殑涓昏?傛儏鎰熴?佺敓鍛藉拰浜虹敓鎰熸?zhèn)熷強(qiáng)?＄編鎰熷彈銆傛枃绔犱笉鎯滅瑪澧ㄥ啓鏅?錛屽疄闄呮槸鎶掑彂瀵規(guī)祹鍗楀啲澶╃殑鍠滅埍銆佽禐緹庝箣鎯咃紝榪欐墠鐪熸?ｆ槸鏂囩珷鐨勬剰钑淬?佹枃绔犵殑鏍稿績(jī)銆?
鑰佽垗绱х揣鎶撲綇嫻庡崡鍐?澶┾?滄俯鏅粹?濊繖涓?鐗圭偣錛屾弿榪板嚭涓?騫呭箙嫻庡崡鐗規(guī)湁鐨勫姩浜虹殑鍐?鏅?銆?
閫氳繃瀵規(guī)祹鍗楀啲澶╁満鏅?鐨勬弿榪幫紝鍏呭垎浣撶幇浜?jiǎn)浣滆€呭?規(guī)祹鍗楃殑鍐?澶╃殑鍠滅埍涔嬫儏錛屽?規(guī)祹鍗楄繖搴у煄甯?jìng)鐨勭?鐖變箣鎯咃紝浠ュ強(qiáng)浣滆?呯儹鐖卞ぇ鑷?鐒?dòng)灱岀?鐖辯敓媧伙紝鐑?鐖辯敓鍛界殑鐢熸椿鎯呮搷銆?
鎵╁睍璧勬枡
鍒涗綔鑳屾櫙
鑰佽垗1930騫村墠鍚庢潵鍒板北涓滐紝鍏堝悗鍦ㄦ祹鍗楅綈椴佸ぇ瀛﹀拰闈掑矝灞變笢澶у?︿換鏁?7騫翠箣涔咃紝瀵瑰北涓滀駭鐢熶簡(jiǎn)娣卞帤鐨勬劅鎯咃紝灞變笢琚?縐頒負(fù)浠栫殑鈥滅??浜屾晠涔♀?濄?傛嵁鑰佽垗澶?浜鴻儭緄滈潚鍥炲繂銆?
鑰佽垗鐢熷墠鈥滃父甯告??蹇電殑鏄?浠庡?氬悗鍒版姉鎴樼垎鑵婂ぇ鍙戯紝鍦ㄥ北涓滃害榪囩殑閭ｅ嚑騫粹?濄?傝?ユ枃鏄?鑰佽垗1931騫存槬澶╁湪嫻庡崡榻愰瞾澶у?︿換鏁欐椂鍐欐垚鐨勩?傚師涓轟竴緋誨垪鐩存帴鎻忓啓嫻庡崡椋庢櫙鍚嶈儨鐨勯暱綃囨暎鏂囥?婁竴鐭ュ眬鎵頒簺鍗拌薄銆嬩腑鐨勭??浜旇妭錛屽彂琛ㄥ湪銆婇綈澶ф湀鍒娿?嬫?т竴鍗風(fēng)??鍏?鏈燂紙1931騫?4鏈堝嚭鐗堬級(jí)銆?
浣滆?呭?氱敤娓╂儏鐨勬剰璞℃潵鎻忕粯?gòu)箮鍗楀?澶╂俯鏅翠箣鏅?錛岃惀閫犲嚭涓?縐嶆俯濠夌殑鏁翠綋鎬ц??鎰熴?傝??璦?灞傞潰鍐欑殑鏄?嫻庡崡鐨勨?滄俯鏅粹?濓紝鎵?瑕佽〃杈劇殑鏄?嫻庡崡鍐?澶╃殑鎼?鏃︽俯鎯? 錛氣?滄俯鏅粹?濇槸鎵?瑙佺殑澶栬薄 錛屾槸鍊熶互琛ㄧ幇蹇?jī)璞＄殑??浣撳拰濯掍粙 錛涒?滄俯鎯呪?濇槸蹇?jī)璞?錛堝績(jī)鐏墊劅鍙楋級(jí)錛屽畠钑存兜鐨勬槸浣滃?剁殑涓昏?傛儏鎰熴?佺敓鍛藉拰浜虹敓鎰熸?zhèn)熷強(qiáng)?＄編鎰熷彈銆傛枃绔犱笉鎯滅瑪澧ㄥ啓鏅?錛屽疄闄呮槸鎶掑彂瀵規(guī)祹鍗楀啲澶╃殑鍠滅埍銆佽禐緹庝箣鎯咃紝榪欐墠鐪熸?ｆ槸鏂囩珷鐨勬剰钑淬?佹枃绔犵殑鏍稿績(jī)銆?
